【文章內(nèi)容簡介】                       一）直接接s 如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二）x, sh, ch, s, 后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三）1）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es 如：babybabies, familyfamilies, dutyduties, edyedies，documentarydocumentaries, storystories 2）以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：daydays, boyboys, toytoys, keykeys, ways 四）以o結(jié)尾加s（外來詞）。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯五）以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如：knifeknives, wifewives, halfhalves, shelfshelves, leafleaves, yourselfyourselves 六）單復(fù)數(shù)相同（不變的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese 七）一般只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒有單數(shù)的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八）單詞形式不變，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同學(xué), family家，家庭成員九）合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如：action movieaction movies, pen palpen pals。但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如：man doctormen doctors, woman teacherwomen teachers 十）有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如：fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報(bào)紙，卷子，論文, work工作 works作品，工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時(shí)間 times時(shí)代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞十一）單個(gè)字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或’s。如：Is(I’s)，Ks(K’s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs 十二）特殊形式的有：childchildren, manmen, womanwomen, footfeet, mousemice, policemanpolicemen, EnglishmanEnglishmen B）名詞的格（      ）當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí)，我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成              如下：一）單數(shù)在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s 二）復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如：Teachers’ Day教師節(jié), classmates’。Children’s Day六一節(jié), Women’s Day婦女節(jié)由and連接兩個(gè)詞，如果是共同所有同一人或物時(shí)，只加最后一個(gè)’s，但分別擁有時(shí)卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如：Mike and Ben’s room邁克和本的房間（共住一間），Mike’s and Ben’s rooms邁克和本的房間（各自的房間）代詞（  ）人稱代詞      物主代詞       指示代詞    反身代詞第一人稱 單數(shù) I me my mine myself 復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves 第二人稱 單數(shù) you you your yours yourself 復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves 第三人稱 單數(shù) she her her hers herself he him his his himself it it its its this that itself 復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs these those themselves動(dòng)詞（ ）A）第三人稱單數(shù)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)那樣加s，如下：一）一般在詞后加s。如：es, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二）在x, sh, ch, s后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三）1）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es。如：studystudies, hurryhurries, trytries 2）以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys B）現(xiàn)在分詞      當(dāng)我們說某人正在做什么事時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，                  ing 構(gòu)成如下：一）一般在后加ing。如：spellspelling, singsinging, seeseeing, traintraining, playplaying, hurryhurrying, watchwatching, gogoing, dodoing 二）以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dancedancing, wakewaking, taketaking, practicepracticing, writewriting, havehaving 三）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個(gè)元音字母＋一個(gè)輔音字母（注意除開字母組合如show –showing, drawdrawing）要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如：putputting, runrunning, getgetting, letletting, beginbeginning 四）以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如：tietying系 diedying死 lielying 位于二、初一英語語法——句式( )肯定式（ ）a)This is a book.(be動(dòng)詞)b)He looks very young.(連系動(dòng)詞)c)I want a sweat like this.(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)d)I can bring some things to school.(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)e)There’s a puter on my desk.(There be結(jié)構(gòu))否定式（ ）b)a)These aren’t their )They don’t look )Kate doesn’t go to Middle )Kate can’t find her )There isn’t a cat here.(=There’s no cat here.)     肯定祈使句a)Please go and ask the )Let’s learn English!c)Come in, )Don’t be )Don’t 1)一般疑問句 a)Is Jim a student? b)Can I help you? c)Does she like salad? d)Do they watch TV? e)Is she reading? 肯定回答: a)Yes, he )Yes, you )Yes, she )Yes，they )Yes, she : a)No, he isn’)No, you can’)No, she doesn’)No, they don’)No, she isn’)選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s )特殊疑問句① 問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.② 問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and edies.③ 問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.④ 問方式 How do/can you spell it? Ldouble do we contact you? My address is cindyjones@.⑤ 問原因 Why do you want to join the club? ⑥ 問時(shí)間 What’s the time?(=What time is it?)It’s a quarter to ten ..What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’ do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.⑦ 問地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.⑧ 問顏色 What color are they? They are light ’s your favourite color? It’s black.⑨ 問人物 Who’s that? It’s my is the boy in blue? My isn’t at school? Peter and are Lisa and Tim talking to? ⑩ 問東西 What’s this/that(in English)? It’s a pencil else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s ’s your first name? My first name’s ’s your family name? My family name’s 問哪一個(gè) Which do you like? I like one in the 問字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small 問價(jià)格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 問電話號(hào)碼 What’s your phone number? It’s 問謂語(動(dòng)作)What’s he doing? He’s watching 問職業(yè)(身份)What do you do? I’m a ’s your father? He’s a 、初一英語語法——時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 表示普遍、經(jīng)常性的或長期性的動(dòng)作時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，它有：Be 動(dòng)詞：She’s a she a worker? She isn’t a ：I can play the you play the piano? I can’t play the ：They want to eat some they want to eat anytomatoes? They don’t want to eat any has a nice Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a 、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 表示動(dòng)詞在此時(shí)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行就使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為sb be ving sth + ’m playing you playing baseball? I’m not playing is writing a Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a ’re listening to the pop they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop 、形容詞的級(jí)我們在對(duì)兩個(gè)或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對(duì)比時(shí)，則要使用比較或最高級(jí)形式。構(gòu)成如下：一）一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。如：greatergreatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicernicest, largerlargest 二）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個(gè)元音字母＋1個(gè)輔音字母(字母組合除外，如fewfewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est。如：bigbigger biggest, redredder reddest, hothotter hottest 三）以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。如：happyhappier happiest, sorrysorrier sorriest, friendlyfriendlierfriendliest(more