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NNG group was associated with a trend to reduce mortality rate and shorten ventilator day, whereas failing to show statistical significances. 非鼻飼組與降低死亡率相關(xiāngguān),縮短呼吸機天數(shù),Nutritional Support for Patients Sustaining Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and MetaAnalysis of Prospective Studies Xiang Wang , Yan Dong , Xi Han, XiangQian Qi, ChengGuang Huang , LiJun Hou Published: March 19, 2013,第十九頁,共四十五頁。,營養(yǎng)支持(zhīch237。)途徑的選擇 —EN? or PN?,推薦意見: 耐受腸內營養(yǎng)患者首選腸內營養(yǎng),包括經(jīng)口和管飼(鼻胃管、鼻腸管和經(jīng)皮內鏡下胃造口)喂養(yǎng)(w232。iyǎng)(A級證據(jù)) 不耐受腸內營養(yǎng)患者選擇腸外營養(yǎng),神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病腸內營養(yǎng)支持(zhīch237。)操作規(guī)范共識(2011版) 中華醫(yī)學會腸外腸內營養(yǎng)學分會神經(jīng)疾病營養(yǎng)支持學組,第二十頁,共四十五頁。,鼻胃管 ( nasogastric tube,NGT),鼻腸管(ch225。ngguǎn) ( nasaljejunal tube,NJT),經(jīng)皮內鏡下胃造口( percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy,PEG),鼻胃管(NGT)簡便(jiǎnbi224。n)易用,符合生理狀態(tài),不需常規(guī)X線平片確認 鼻腸管(NJT)適用于有反流或誤吸高風險的患者(Ia級證據(jù)) 重癥顱腦損傷患者NJT喂養(yǎng)比NGT效率高,肺炎發(fā)生率低(lb級證據(jù)),第二十一頁,共四十五頁。,腸內營養(yǎng)(y237。ngyǎng)輸注管道選擇,長期NGT或NJT喂養(yǎng)容易脫出或移位,并導致鼻、口、咽和食管的損害。 推薦意見: 短期(4周)腸內營養(yǎng)患者在有條件的情況下,選擇PEG喂養(yǎng)(A級推薦),第二十二頁,共四十五頁。,五、腸內營養(yǎng)開始(kāishǐ)時間,第二十三頁,共四十五頁。,Early VS Delayed,Figure 2. Comparison of the effect of early feeding and delayed feeding on outcomes in patients with TBI.,After TBI, early initiation of nutrition is recommended.,Nutritional Support for Patients Sustaining Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and MetaAnalysis of Prospective Studies Xiang Wang , Yan Dong , Xi Han, XiangQian Qi, ChengGuang Huang , LiJun Hou Published: March 19, 2013,第二十四頁,共四十五頁。,腸內營養(yǎng)(y237。ngyǎng)開始時間,早期(72h內)腸內營養(yǎng)支持(zhīch237。)有助于改善患者預后(Ⅱb級證據(jù)) 急性卒中伴吞咽障礙患者早期腸內營養(yǎng)可能使患者獲益(Ib級證據(jù)) 推薦意見: 急性卒中患者發(fā)病后7d內盡早開始腸內喂養(yǎng)(A級證據(jù)) 顱腦外傷患者發(fā)病后3d內盡早開始腸內營養(yǎng)(B級證據(jù)),神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病(j237。b236。ng)腸內營養(yǎng)支持操作規(guī)