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。大家記住這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)之后,在這次考試當(dāng)中它有可能在單選題當(dāng)中占到兩到四分。第七,連詞的辨析。*that:可引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句等;that在這些從句中無(wú)實(shí)際含義,也不擔(dān)任任何成分。*So+形容詞/副詞that?such+(冠詞或形容詞)名詞that,表示如此?以至于。*what:可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,并在從句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。*wheher?or?/whether or no?是否?,if則無(wú)此用法。*by加表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間,則主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí);加現(xiàn)在,則主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);加將來(lái)時(shí)間,則主句用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。*時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),條件狀語(yǔ)還有某些讓步狀語(yǔ)中,不出現(xiàn)將來(lái)時(shí),要用現(xiàn)在式表示將來(lái)時(shí)。*分辨一下表示因和果的連詞,表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞,容易出選擇題。八,省略句。在一些時(shí)間,條件或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)主句和從句的主語(yǔ)相同,而從句為主系結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)(即有be),可將從句主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞一起省略。九,現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。A,在某些動(dòng)詞或詞組后常用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ),對(duì)前面內(nèi)容進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充。B,還可表示時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。有時(shí)要用完成形式,表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)在主句動(dòng)作前先完成。C,現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)還可作原因狀語(yǔ)。D,有時(shí)還可表示伴隨情況或方式。E,注意在一些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中to為介詞,后加名詞或動(dòng)名詞。2011??荚~匯賓語(yǔ)從句:order,demand,require,request,direct,mand,urge,rule,suggest,advise,vote,propose move,remend,prefer,decide,insist,desire,decree主語(yǔ)從句:vital,important,essential,imperative,obligatory,necessary,unnecessary,impossible,sad,strange,natural,advisable,fitting,proper,appropriate,desirable1)通常只接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的??紕?dòng)詞:agree,attempt,claim,decide demand,ask,hesitate,beg,fail,care,consent,promise,desire,hope,intend,learn,offer,plan,refuse,prepare,pretend,strive,require,appear,arrange,expect,manage,tend,afford,wish,want,seem,struggle,swear,threaten,wait,undertake,venture,seek,resolve,aim,determine,endeavor,apply,claim,pledge,pretend,profess,refuse,volunteer,vow,happen,guarantee,neglect,proceed,prove,condescend,consent,trouble,bother(negative),care(negative),choose,fail2)用于動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的??紕?dòng)詞:force,hire,tell,require,teach,warn,allow,ask,inform,beg,convince,expect,invite,order,permit,promise,instruct,prepare,urge,remind,want,advise,persuade,dare,forbid,like,challenge,request,get,need,oblige,encourage,enable,pel,remend,declare,prove,mand,encourage,enable,lead,press3)用于be+形容詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的常考形容詞anxious,boring,dangerous,pleased,hard,eager,easy,fortunate,strange,good,ready,usual,prepared,surprised,mon,useless,asked,lucky,difficult,likely satisfied,careful,sure,glad,bored,certain4)用于名詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的常考名詞failure,offer,plan,ability,decision,desire,chance,permission,occasion,fun,honor,capacity,wish,pleasure,opportunity,demand,way,refusal,responsibility,freedom,promise5)后面跟省去“to”的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的??紕?dòng)詞:see,watch,notice,observe,hear,listen to,feel,get,make,have,let,help,bid,know,look at,smell一、區(qū)分可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞例1:___great progress he has made! a a此題應(yīng)選C。容易誤選D,誤認(rèn)為progress是可數(shù)名字。此題命題者主要考察了兩個(gè)方面的問(wèn)題:一是感嘆句句型;二是名詞progress的可數(shù)性。感嘆句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:1)how+形容詞/副詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!2)what+(a/an)+形容詞+名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)?。ㄖ髡Z(yǔ)為不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)形式,其前不用a/an)英語(yǔ)中除了像air,water,milk,iron等這些中國(guó)人一目了然的不可數(shù)名詞外,還有一些不可數(shù)名詞很容易弄錯(cuò)。其中典型的有:work(工作),news(消息),luck(運(yùn)氣),fun(有趣的事),homework(家庭作業(yè)),advice(勸告、建議),harm(損害,傷害),progress(進(jìn)步),information(信息、消息),weather(天氣),wealth(財(cái)富),furniture(家具),luggage/baggage(行李)等。注意一下正誤句型:誤:I wish you a good :I wish you good 。誤:It39。s a great fun for us to be with :It39。s great fun for us to be with :He gave us some :He gave us some :Where does Mr Smith work?He works in a glass_____ around 此題應(yīng)選B。容易誤選C,誤認(rèn)為:因?yàn)槠淝坝昧瞬欢ü谠~a,所以不能選work(因?yàn)椴豢蓴?shù))和works(因?yàn)槭菑?fù)數(shù)),D顯然是錯(cuò)的。這里work有三個(gè)意思很容易弄混:表示“工作”是不可數(shù)名詞:He has too much work to 。表示“著作”或“作品”是可數(shù)名詞,但多用復(fù)數(shù):The man gained his wealth by printing words off amous 。表示“工廠”只用復(fù)數(shù)形式,但可表示單數(shù)意義:The glass works is are near the 。類似地注意以下各名詞因變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式,而導(dǎo)致含義有變化:green 綠色 greens 青菜,蔬菜 wood 木頭,木材woods 小樹林 manner 方式,方法 manners 禮貌arm 臂 arms武器 water 水waters河川,海,溫泉spirit 精神 spirits 心境 quarter 四分之一quarters 軍營(yíng) custom習(xí)慣 customs 關(guān)稅 force 力氣forces 軍隊(duì)例3:Can I help you?____, teas cups of teas cup teas cup of tea此題應(yīng)選A。其余幾項(xiàng)都容易被誤選。要做好此題,先要弄清tea的兩種用法:表示“茶”,是物質(zhì)名詞,不可數(shù):I don39。t like to drink 。Would you like a cup of tea?要喝杯茶嗎?在口語(yǔ)中可以表示“一杯茶”,是可數(shù)名詞;What can I do for you?你要吃點(diǎn)什么?Two teas。但是值得注意的是,雖然以上兩種用法都可以,但千萬(wàn)不要將這兩種用法混雜在一起。如可以說(shuō)two teas,也可以說(shuō)two cupsof tea,但是不能說(shuō)two cups of teas。具有類似用法的詞還有coffee(咖啡):表示“咖啡”,是物質(zhì)名詞,不可數(shù):I prefer tea to 。He served us with two cups of 。在口語(yǔ)中可以表示“一杯咖啡”,是可數(shù)名詞:Can I help you?你要點(diǎn)什么?Two coffees。同時(shí)也要注意不要將以上兩種用法混在一起。如可以說(shuō)two coffees,也可以說(shuō)two cups of coffee,但是絕對(duì)不能說(shuō)two cups of coffees。二、數(shù)詞dozen,score,hundred,thousand,mil lion的用法例 I want three_____ these of of此題涉及兩個(gè)方面的問(wèn)題:一是dozen是否加詞尾s,hundred,thousand,million極為相似,所以這里將它們放在一起敘述:1)當(dāng)這些詞與具體數(shù)字連用時(shí),不用復(fù)數(shù)形式,也不后接介詞of(盡管有人認(rèn)為score/dozen之后有時(shí)可接of,但慣用法認(rèn)為,省略of常見(jiàn)):three hundred students 300名學(xué)生/three score(of)eggs 60只雞蛋2)當(dāng)這些詞不與具體數(shù)字連用,而是表示不確定的泛指數(shù),則不僅要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,而且要后接介詞of,然后才能后接名詞:thousands of students數(shù)千名學(xué)生/dozens of times幾十次/millions of years ago數(shù)百萬(wàn)年前3)當(dāng)這些詞與a few,several,many等數(shù)目不很具體的詞連用時(shí),用不用復(fù)數(shù)形式均可,但是注意:不用復(fù)數(shù)形式,其后的介詞of可以省略;用復(fù)數(shù)形式,其后介詞of不能省略:several dozen(of)pencils/several dozens of pencils幾打鉛筆4)當(dāng)這些詞后面的名詞有了the,these,those等特指限定詞修飾時(shí),或其后接的是us,them這樣的人稱代詞時(shí),則此時(shí)必須用介詞of:two hundred of the workers這些工人中的200人/threedozen of these eggs這些雞蛋中的3打/four dozen of them它們中的4打通過(guò)以上分析:此題答案顯然只能是C。三、容易弄錯(cuò)的集合名詞It is reported that a great number of ______died in the 。此題主要涉及集合名詞的用法,下面將集合名詞的有關(guān)用法作一歸納:Ⅰ類:這一類包括cattle(牛),people(人),police(警察),poultry(家禽)等,其用法特點(diǎn)為:只有單數(shù)形式,但卻表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)通常也用復(fù)數(shù);不與a(n)連用,但可與the連用(表示總括意義和特指):The police are looking for will laugh at you.Ⅱ類:這一類包括family(家庭),team(隊(duì)),class(班),audience(聽(tīng)眾)等,其用法特點(diǎn)為:若視為整體,表示單數(shù)意義;若考慮其個(gè)體成員,表示復(fù)數(shù)意義。比較:This class consists of 45 。This class are studying English 。Ⅲ類:這一類包括baggage/luggage(行李),clothing(衣服),furniture(家俱),machinery(機(jī)器)等,其用法特點(diǎn)為:是不可數(shù)名詞,要用單數(shù)形式,不用不定冠詞(當(dāng)然更不能用數(shù)詞),沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式:Our clothing protects us from against the 。Have you checked all your baggage?你所有行李都托運(yùn)了嗎?四、means用法易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)Every possible means_____ been tried,and wefind only______ this means can we do it ,in ,by ,in ,by此題應(yīng)選D。其余幾項(xiàng)均容易被誤選。這里主要涉及名詞means(方式,方法,手段)的用法與搭配:?jiǎn)螐?fù)數(shù)同形(永遠(yuǎn)有詞尾s)。若用作主語(yǔ),其謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)需根據(jù)句意來(lái)確定。比較:1)All possible means have been )Every possible means has been ,其謂語(yǔ)則用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)均可:Is are there any other means of doing it?做這事還有其它的什么辦法嗎?表示以某種方式、方法或手段,用介詞by:Only by this means can you do it 。有時(shí)用by means of,意為:用,依靠:Thoughts are expressed by means of 。表示做某事的方法或手段,多接“of+(動(dòng))名詞”:But they had no means of cooking 。Taking a plane is the quickest means of getting 。第四篇:自考學(xué)位英語(yǔ)詞匯AA字母Abandon,放棄,拋棄;Abandon oneself to, 沉溺于;abandon oneself to despair,只會(huì)悲觀失望;abandon doing