【文章內容簡介】 is the most negative number, since its sound is the same as the word are obviously Chinese who are fully aware of the negative meaning of the Lins to have death in their address would bode poorly for their future in this new have positive and negative values for the the sound of number word is the same as that of negative connotations, for example, seven is related to the notion that ghosts return seven days after meanings are associated with other numbers: one for guaranteed。two for easy。three for life。six for happiness。eight for prosperity。nine for long , binations of certain numbers have significanceby placing a five, which by itself is neutral, in front of an eight, the good effect of the eight is , the Japanese have a death associating with the number four as number 666 has ominous connotations for some Christians who associate it with the mark of the the Navajos, four is not only their sacred number, but when they are in a court of law, they do not answer a question until it has been asked four 5Unit 3 P81Evelyn was unaware that her daughterinlaw was observing mon Asian postpart..behavior: the new mom goes to bed for a month while everyone pampers members, and sometimes neighbors, take over cooking and cleaning when the baby needs to be fed, they bring a freshly change infant to the China, this practice is called zuo yuezi(sitting through the month).The woman must stay in bed behind closed windows, cover her head, and take many precautions to insure that she not damage her ability to produce breast Evelyn discovered that her daughterinlaw was behaving in a customary postpartum manner, she relaxed her what we perceive as negative behavior has roots in another American culture, the new mothers can do all the things Evelyn think Zen should do。while in some other cultures it is quite give more physical support to new mothers, where family and friends assume household obligations so that thenew mom can rebuild her strength for at least one month after 6Unit 3 P81The case illustrates a crosscultural misunderstanding of a very subtle aspect of close an individual can get to another while talking is, to a large extent, dictated by one39。s culture? It is said that most middleclass North Americans choose a normal conversational distance of no closer than twentytwo inches from each other39。s , for people of certain South American and Caribbean cultures, the distance is approximately fifteen inches, while still other cultures(in the Middle East)maintain a distance of nine to ten problem that occurred between the Latin American and New York policeman was that their respective cultures had different ideas about spatial Latin American was attempting to establish what for him was a fortable conversational , the policeman felt threatened because his personal space, as defined by his culture, was being either of them understood this cultural behavior difference, the breakdown in munication and the arrest could have been 3 P82既然有些跨文化交際的技能是所有文化普遍使用的，我們就可以有效地運用客位的（文化通用的）方法。但要制作一個具體文化的范式，我們也需要運用主位的方法。因此，為了準確描述文化差異，我們需要深入的調查我們打算與之交際的文化。理想情況下，通過主位的方法，不斷提高差異意識，應該會產生我們與他人不同的觀念，而不總是他人與我們不同的觀念。培養(yǎng)人們對差異存在的敏感性是熟練進行跨文化交際的第一步?？缥幕浑H能力和具體文化交際能力應該被看做是兩個獨立的概念，二者同時其作用，共同促進特定跨文化交往的成功。為了獲得對一個文化的最大認識而從該文化內部進行研究時，我們應該警惕任何文化差異，這些差異很有可能造成交際問題，但可能與任何外部范疇都不相符。我們要記住，文化不是靜止的，而是活躍的，是不斷發(fā)展和演化的。理想情況是，我們要學會在遇到任何不熟悉或冒犯性的語言或者非語言行為時，不要匆忙做出判斷，而要問問自己，“這么做有什么用”Unit 4Case 1Unit 4 P99It is sadly true that a lot of Chinese people would try the personal way when they feel that the official way cannot help them achieve what they a very large event, knowing someone who is in charge means a big advantage, as the Chinese place a lot of importance in giving each other “face” by trying to acmodate the person in this case, though Guangrui did not initiate the idea of calling , he could not help thinking that it was Professor Stevens39。 personal relation with that helped to convince her to change her mind about his enough, such “help” is not given for or later, the person helped will have to return the favor in another form of help to the has been an unpleasant practice that people have been trying to agreed with Professor Stevens because he presented his(and Guangrui39。s)suggestions in a calm, rational had acknowledged her good intentions to help the project succeed, accepted the ideas he could, and made a reasonable case against suggestions that did not fit in with the he felt fortable calling her because they know each other, her change of mind was not made on the basis of their knowing each , she agreed because Professor Stevens.....Case 2Unit 4 P100....open to signify that nothing inappropriate is going on is as strange to a North American as the suggestion that they would need a Lan Lan did not know Kevin, or was concerned about her safety, she should not go to his room at if sheneeded to speak with him, they should do it in a public the fact that they were colleagues who trusted each other and that their relationship was not would have no sense that Lan Lan would feel the need to keep the door open to protect her would he think that anyone else had the right to be able to see the two of theme suggestion that if a man and a woman are alone together behind a closed door, something sexual is happening, is absurd from a Western a very long time in China, tradition has it that it is not appropriate for a man and a woman to be alone together in the same Lan Lan deliberately left the door ajar when she went into Kevin39。s she knew Kevin was decent man and would not try anything inappropriate, she still felt unfortable behind a closed this may be oldfashioned, and young people are less likely to keep doors open when visiting, but there are still many Chinese who would do as Lan Lan 3Unit 4 P100The idea of privacy is rather new in China, while people still have fresh memory of the time when they had little personal have been times when consumer goods were in very short supply and peop