【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 是利用不用的刀具在車床，鉆床和銑床上進行的，與成型加工，模壓制件和鑄造工藝相比，機加工的準備成本還是比較低的。然而，如果是大批量生產(chǎn)，其成本要高得多，當對零件的光潔度和尺寸公差要求較高時，機加工是必須的。 Turning and LatheTurning is one of the most mon of metal cutting turning, a workpiece is rotated about its axis as singlepoint cutting tools are fed into it, shearing away excess material and creating the desired cylindrical can occur on both external and internal surfaces to produce an axiallysymmetrical contoured ranging from pocket watch ponents to large diameter marine propeller shafts can be turned on a 車削與車床沿工件進給，切掉多余的材料，最后形成要求的圓柱型表面，車削可以加工外表面以形成軸對稱的成型零件，從懷表的零件到大型螺旋角零件軸都可以在車床上加工。車削是金屬切削加工中最常用的方法之一。在車削過程中，一個工件繞其軸線回轉(zhuǎn)，單刃車刀 Apart from turning, several other operations can also be performed on a ，一些其它的操作也可以在車床上完成。Boring and internal and internal turning are performed on the internal surfaces by a boring bar or suitable internal cutting the initial workpiece is solid, a drilling operation must be performed drilling tool is held in the tailstock, and the latter is then fed against the boring is done in a lathe, the work usually is held in a chuck or on a face may be bored straight, tapered, or to irregular is essentially internal turning while feeding the tool parallel to the rotation axis of the ：利用鏜桿或合適的內(nèi)圓車刀可以進行鏜削和車內(nèi)圓。工件毛坯如果是實心的，首先要鉆孔，鉆頭安裝在尾架上，后者向工件進給，如果在車床上進行鏜削，工件一般安裝在卡盤活花盤上。鏜出的孔可以是盲孔、錐孔或者不規(guī)則的輪廓，當工具與回轉(zhuǎn)軸平行進給時，鏜削實際上是車削。Unit7Quality and accuracy are major considerations in making parts or parts require a high degree of accuracy to fit increasing accuracy or less variation in the dimension, the labor and machinery required to manufacture apart is more cost manufacturer should have a thorough knowledge of the tolerances to increase the quality and reliability of a manufactured part with the least ，質(zhì)量和精度是最重要的因素?；Q性零件需要有高精度以實現(xiàn)相互配合。隨著精度的增加和尺寸變化的減小，制造零件所需的勞動力和機器更趨于成本密集型，制造商應(yīng)該對公差有全面的了解，并以最小的成本提高加工零件的質(zhì)量和可靠性。An engineering drawing must be properly dimensioned in order to convey the designer’s intent to the end of parts given on blueprints and manufactured to those dimensions should be exactly alike and fit , it is impossible to make things to an exact or dimensions have a varying degree of accuracy and a means od specifying acceptable limitations in dimensional variance so that a manufactured part will be accepted and still is necessary that the dimensions, shapes and mutual position of surfaces of individual parts are kept within a certain accuracy to achieve their correct and reliable processes do not allow maintenance(or measurement)of the given geometrical properties with absolute surfaces of the produced parts therefore differ from ideal surfaces prescribed in of actual surfaces are divided into four groups to enable assessment, prescription and checking of the permitted inaccuracy during production: 1:Dimensional deviations。2:Shape deviations。3:Position deviations。4:Surface roughness ，來把設(shè)計師的想法傳遞給用戶，加工出的零件尺寸應(yīng)與圖紙上所標注的零件尺寸完全一致并匹配，但是加工零件的尺寸不可能是精確的尺寸，大多數(shù)的尺寸都有一個加工范圍，這是可接受的規(guī)定尺寸變化極限的一種方法，以至于可以接受并使用這一加工零件，各個零件的尺寸精度，形狀精度，互換位置精度必須保持在一個精度范圍以內(nèi)，以便正確可靠的實現(xiàn)他們的功能，常規(guī)的加工過程不允許對具有絕對精度的給點的幾何特性進行維修和測量，因此實際零件加工表面不同于圖紙中規(guī)定的理想零件表面，實際加工表面的偏差在進行評估說明和允許誤差的檢查過程中被分為四類：，。第四篇：機械工程專業(yè)英語第二版必考翻譯(完整版) lowpower machinery or vehicles the operator can usually apply sufficient force through a simple mechanical linkage from the pedle or handle to the stationary part of the many cases, however, this force must be multiplied by using an elaborate braking system.（P5）用低能機器或傳力工具，操作者通過向踏板或把手的一個簡單機械連接構(gòu)件作用足夠的力量到車閘固定的部分。大多數(shù)情況，然而，用一個詳細（復雜）的車閘系統(tǒng)使這個力量成倍增加。 fundamental principle involved is the use of pressed air acting through a piston in a cylinder to set block brakes on the action is simultaneous on the wheels of all the cars in the pressed air is carried through a strong hose from car to car with couplings between cars。its release to all the separate block brake units, at the same time, is controlled by the engineer.(Braking Systems)（P5）相關(guān)的基本原理是使用壓縮氣體，通過氣缸內(nèi)的活塞將閘塊壓在車輪起作用。列車的所有車廂上的車輪同時動作。壓縮氣體通過一個堅固的管道在由聯(lián)軸器連接的車廂之間傳輸；工程師控制其在同一時間釋放到所有獨立的閘塊單元。 the brake pedal of an automobile is depressed, a force is applied to a piston in amaster piston forces hydraulic fluid through metal tubing into a cylinder in each wheel where the fluid’s pressure moves two pistons that press the brake shoes against the drum.(Braking Systems)（P5）當踩下汽車剎車的踏板，在主汽缸中的活塞上施加一個力。活塞驅(qū)動液壓流體通過金屬管道進入每個車輪氣缸，在那里液壓移動兩個活塞將閘片壓向輪圈。 ontology including mechanical rack, mechanical connections and mechanical transmission, which is the basis of mechanicalelectrical integration, plays a role in supporting the other functional units of the system and transmitting motion and to purely mechanical products, the performance and functionality of integration technology in electrical and mechanical systems have been improved a lot, which requires mechanical ontology to adapt its new status in mechanical structure, materials, processing technology, as well as the areas of , the new ontology is with high efficient, multifunctional, reliable and energysaving, small, lightweighted and aesthetically pleasing characteristics.(Mechatronics System)（P7）機械體包括機架、機械聯(lián)接和機械傳動，它是機電一體化的基礎(chǔ)，作用是支撐系統(tǒng)其他功能單元，傳遞運動和動力。和純機械產(chǎn)品相比，一體化技術(shù)的性能和功能在機電系統(tǒng)中大幅提高，它要求機械本體適應(yīng)在機械結(jié)構(gòu)、材料、加工技術(shù)以及這些領(lǐng)域中的幾何學下的新環(huán)境。相應(yīng)的，新的一體化具有高效、多功能、可靠、節(jié)能、小輕和美學的令人賞心悅目的特征。 sensor detecting sensor part includes a variety of sensors and signal detection circuit, and its function is to detect the process of mechatronic systems in the work itself and the changes of relevant parameters in external environment and transmit the information to the electronic control control unit check the information and sends the corresponding control issues to the actuator.(Mechatronics System)（P7）檢測傳感器部分包括各類傳感器、信號檢測電路，它的功能是檢測機電系統(tǒng)自身工作的工程，在外部環(huán)境下的相關(guān)參數(shù)的改變，將其信息傳給電子控制單元。電子控制單元通過檢查信息，送出相應(yīng)的指令到執(zhí)行機構(gòu)。 control unit, also known as ECU, is the core of mechatronic systems, responsible for the external mands and the signals output by centralizes stores, putes and analyzes the on the results of information processing,instruction are issued