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I 美國商業(yè)環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估機(jī)構(gòu) Business Environment Risk Intelligence PRI 政治風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指標(biāo) R’undt’s World Business intelligence,第二十一頁,共三十七頁。,3.政治(zh232。ngzh236。)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的訊號Political risk signals,經(jīng)濟(jì)績效差Poor economic performance 壓抑道德團(tuán)體與精英Repression of ethnic groups and/or general repression by the elite 國內(nèi)紛爭與利益(l236。y236。)衝突Internal diversity and incongruent interests 劇烈改變政府結(jié)構(gòu)Radically changing government structures 劇烈的民族情緒Fierce nationalist sentiment,第二十二頁,共三十七頁。,4.Management and measure political risk,Avoidance防止(f225。ngzhǐ) Insurance 保險(xiǎn) 最小政治風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Minimizing Political Risk,第二十三頁,共三十七頁。,最小政治(zh232。ngzh236。)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Minimizing Political Risk,理解執(zhí)政黨與在野黨:保持中立Understand both ruling and opposing parties。 remain politically neutral 良好企業(yè)公民Be exemplary corporate citizens 銷售適合當(dāng)?shù)仄焚|(zhì)的產(chǎn)品與服務(wù)Sell a quality product or service that is essential for local development 與當(dāng)?shù)毓?ɡōnɡ sī)保持夥伴關(guān)係,創(chuàng)造當(dāng)?shù)貙<业男蜗驪artner with local companies and create local expertise 使用當(dāng)?shù)毓?yīng)商Use local suppliers 獲取足夠保險(xiǎn)涵蓋各種政治風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Obtain insurance coverage against expropriation, nationalization, confiscation, and terrorism,第二十四頁,共三十七頁。,OS perspective〔pp108112〕,刺激當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)〔stimulation of the local economy〕 雇用當(dāng)?shù)貏诠ぁ睧mployment of nationals〕 分享所有權(quán)〔sharing ownership〕 好國民〔being civic minded〕 政治(zh232。ngzh236。)中立〔political neutrality〕 Behindthescenes lobby Observation of political mood and reduction of exposure Other measure,第二十五頁,共三十七頁。,5.國際法規(guī)環(huán)境International Legal Environment,國際法International Laws 當(dāng)?shù)貒?fǎlǜ)Host Country Laws 本國法律Home Country Laws 法規(guī)體系Legal Systems Common law非成文法 Civil law, Code law成文法 Islamic law依斯蘭法,第二十六頁,共三十七頁。,法院(fǎyu224。n)審判Jurisdiction,不告不理(b249。 lǐ)原則Not usually automatic 歐洲法院European Court of Justice 國際法院The International