【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ragedy end. Liu Kun, Bai Huijie (2021)in “Pursuing Harmony from the Impact between Nature 4 and Civilization “pointed out that English writer Thomas Hardy cherished the tradition, loved nature and emphasized the relationship between man and nature. Facing the invasion of capitalist civilization, he showed the great concern and worry, and criticized it s harmful influences on man and nature. Hu Yan (2021) in the work “An Analysis of Fatalism and Tragedy in Tess of d’Urbervilles” mentioned that Hardy was influenced by Darwinism, Spencer?s philosophy and Huxley?s agnosticism, which turned him into doubtful person. Yang Chunhui (2021) in “An Analysis on the Theme of Destiny from Thomas Hardy” mentioned that Thomas Hardy is a typical fatalist, the pessimism view in his novel being obvious. Shi Xiaohong (2021) in “An Analysis of Fatalism and Tragedy of Hardy?s Novel” said Hardy?s status as a novelist in English literary history is unique. He described the Britain countryside experiencing great changes in economy, polities, and morality customs and so on, and infiltrating from capitalism factors, from the universe, the eternal life, the contradictory relationship of system to explore the causes of these changes, Hardy?s work is filled with criticism consciousness, fatalism and tragedy. 3. Hardy’s Fatalism view Thomas Hardy occupied a very important position in the British literary history. His novels finished in Victorian Era, but the theme of novels is far beyond that age. His main novels have broken the traditional novel on the bondage of characters and plots, and from geic and environmental observation and understanding human beings. This is typical of naturalistic style of writing, which filled with a pessimistic feeling. Facing the nature and society, human beings are often under control. They just like the animal that lived in the forest, when it?s sunny, they can enjoy themselves, once the storm ing, and they all feel panic. As a result, surrender person can survive. However, courageously resist were only suffer more big failure. This kind of writing style is continued in modernism even postmodernism creation. Hardy?s naturalistic creation, not only shows the British literature which separated from the Victorian Era, but also the more means to modern socialist. Hardy’s fatalism originated in social background Thomas Hardy lived in the Victorian Era. The Victorian Era has experienced great changes in every field, which is also believed to be the most prosperous British history, 5 during which the British industrial revolution reached its top. British are moving towards “machine era”. By this time, however, social problems are also serious。 the bourgeoisie and proletariat contradiction is being more seriously. The Chartist movement broke out in 1848. Since the 1970s, Britain evolved from free capitalism into monopoly capitalism, but the prosperity of economy not giving ordinary people happiness. Frankly, Hardy can?t accept the most popular Victorian beliefs, such as a belief in god. On the one hand, Hardy witnessed the rapid development of industry。 on the other hand, he had witnessed the underclass people suffered a lot. Face with these contradictions, Hardy said that all these are fate. So in his works, most characters thoughts are pure, intuition, and rational act is not important. Hardy’s fatalism originated in educational background Hardy’s life experience Thomas Hardy lived in the countryside of Seth. In his youth, Seth is quite different from other areas of Britain. It has its own culture tradition, even its own language. Hardy deeply loves this nature and ordinary rural life. However, industrial capitalist invasion to the countryside and destroyed the original agricultural economy, destroyed poor farmers and traditional patriarchal system. Hardy lost the beautiful countryside land and idyllic life, and felt sad, which is the cornerstone of his pessimism. He hated the industrialization disturbing the rural life. However, he didn?t realize the advantages of fatalism and democracy, so he became more and more disappointed, finally turned to pessimism. On the other hand, the formation of Hardy?s destiny can be traced back to his early family environment. In his childhood, Hardy was deeply influenced by his mother and grandmother。 they both grew up in a fatalism countryside, and naturally used fatalism to explain their life experience. Hardy?s mother and grandmother often use “this is destined” to explain the difficulties, unpleasant and frustration encountered in the daily life. Hardy?s characters always have this consolation when they encounter difficulties and unbearable hardship. So the root of his fatalism is associated with his childhood experiences. In his later life and writing, he often says that there is a mysterious power just like fate or god which controls the human beings. And no matter how you struggle, the end is fixed。 there is no escape from fate. Darwinism and Spencer’s philosophy 6 In 1859, Darwin published “the Origin of Species” which known as Darwinismthe theory that living forms originate by development from earlier forms, not by special creation. This book was regarded as the most significant and profoundly influential scientific work of the 19th century and it exercised immeasurable influence on people?s minds. To many people it seemed obvious that, if the evolutionists were right, the church could no longer maintain that God created the world. Hardy was influenced by his reading of Darwin, as well as his own experience of human suffering and unfairness, which made it impossible for him to reconcile with Christian teaching. Therefore, like many others, he rejected Christianity, intellectually, but there was on other philosophy to fill up the emptiness, so he adopted a position of “agnosticism” and tur