【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 有150多種。一個人不可能兩次感染上同一病毒。被一種病毒感染后人體就會產(chǎn)生對它的免疫力。但這種免疫力只是針對這一種病毒。感冒傳播的途徑通常不是打噴嚏和咳嗽，而是身體的直接接觸。最普通的途徑是從別人的手傳到你的手中，再傳到你的鼻子或眼睛里去。感冒病毒最集中的地方是小孩的拇指甲蓋里，盡管在皮膚等光滑表面上病毒也能存活幾個小時。保持衛(wèi)生是最好的預(yù)防方法：經(jīng)常用消毒肥皂洗手，尤其是當(dāng)家里有小孩患感冒時。然而即使注意衛(wèi)生也不能預(yù)防所有的感冒。當(dāng)你咳嗽、打噴嚏、流鼻涕時該怎么辦？服兩片阿司匹林，大量喝水，睡一覺，這個老法子還是很有效的。也可以試試一些偏方，用熱開水加糖（或蜂蜜）和檸檬汁內(nèi)服，這個方法也很管用。練習(xí)： to the essay, you may have a cold because Athe weather is too the spread of rhinoviruses gets people another person‘s coughing passes the cold to you wash your hands too best way to keep yourself from getting colds is A to keep yourself to use a disinfectant to take two aspirins every to drink lots of have more colds because Athey are usually infected about eight times each they are not immune to many cold viruses they never wash their hands so that their thumbnails are they don‘t like eating you are having a cold, Ait is always the same kind of cold that you had last it may be the same kind of cold that ?you had last It is certainly not the same kind of cold that you had last it is probably not the same kind of cold that you had last one is having a cold, he may often have all the following symptoms EXCEPT A Having a sore having a runny having a ：1．B 第一段雖然提到了感冒常發(fā)生于冬天，但緊接下去說得很清楚：受涼并不會導(dǎo)致感冒，所以A不是正確答案。文章第四段第一句說得明白：感冒通常是由于與感冒的人身體直接接觸而傳染的，而不是由打噴嚏或咳嗽傳染的，所以C項也不是正確答案。至于D更是錯誤。答案B與第一段第四句的意義相吻合，因此是正確答案。2．A 第五段的第一句話―Hygiene is your best defense‖意思是―衛(wèi)生是你的最佳防御‖，與A項相吻合，因此A項是正確答案。同一段中提到的用消毒肥皂洗手，雖然也是保持衛(wèi)生的手段之一，但僅是一個具體措施，不是全部措施，所以B項不是正確答案oc項提到的服阿司匹林是治感冒的手段之一，而非預(yù)防手段（況且沒有說到―一天服兩片‖！）D項提到的多喝水在文中也指治療手段，所以C和D都不是正確答案。3．B 第二段中提到兒童平均一年得八次感冒，這是一個統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)而不是兒童得感冒的原因；文中并沒有說―兒童從不洗手‖；文中也沒有說―兒童不喜歡吃檸檬‖；所以A、C、D都不對。B項與第二段最后一句意思一樣，是正確答案。4．C 第三段提到有150多種感冒病毒，而人們絕不會被同一種病毒侵害兩次，因為得了一次感冒后對相應(yīng)的病毒就獲得了免疫力，所以只有C項才符合第三段的內(nèi)容。5．D 本題談的是文中提及的感冒癥狀。文中并沒有提到得了感冒就胃疼，實際上文中根本就沒有―stomachache‖這個詞或相關(guān)的字眼，所以D項是正確答案。C級押題Warm People Likely to Keep Cold atBay Staying positive2 through the cold season could be your best defense against getting ill, new study findings an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus3, researchers found that people with a generally sunny disposition4 were less likely to fall findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a ―positive emotional style‖5 can help ward off the mon cold and other believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness boosting immune function and subjective as in happy people being less troubled by a scratchy throat6 or runny nose.―People with a positive emotional style may have different immune responses to the virus,‖ explained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.―And when they do get a cold, they may interpret their illness as being less severe.‖Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less susceptible to7 catching a cold, but some questions remained as to8 whether the emotional trait itself had the the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults plete standard measures of personality traits, selfperceived health and emotional ―style‖.Those who tended to be happy, energetic and easygoing were judged as having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy, tense and hostile had a negative researchers gave them nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu the next six days, the volunteers reported on any aches, pains, sneezing or congestion they had, while the researchers collected objective data, like daily mucus and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes, happy people were less likely to develop a ：bay／n．絕境，窮途末路flu／（influenza的簡稱）n．流(行性)感（冒）virus ／disposition ／n．本性，性情psychosomatic ／，身心的boost／vt．a(chǎn)mp。 n．提高，舉起 scratchy／adj．刺痛的，使人發(fā)癢的 runny／ Pittsburgh／n．匹茲堡（美國城市）colleague／n．同事 susceptible／adj, 易感的，敏感的catch／vt．感染到 trait ／；特性perceive／vt．發(fā)覺，覺察；理解energetic／，精飽滿的 easygoing／adj．隨和的 tense ／ hostile／nasal ／ ache／n．（長時間連續(xù)的）疼痛，酸痛 sneeze ／vi．打噴嚏congestion ／mucus ／n．黏液woe ／，苦惱；（復(fù)）災(zāi)難，苦頭 注釋：1．Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at Bay：情緒樂觀的人不易患感冒。warm people原意是―熱心腸的人，情緒高昂的人‖，keep/hold..at bay是―使……走投無路，不使……接近‖的意思，因此本題目如果直譯則是―情緒高昂的人可能讓感冒不能得逞‖或―情緒高昂的人可能遠(yuǎn)離感冒‖或―情緒高昂的人可能拒感冒于千里之外‖。2．staying positive:保持積極向上（的情緒）3．exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus：使健康的志愿者接觸感冒（病毒）或流感病毒。expose原意是―使暴露，使面臨‖，這里expose sb．to sth．是―使……接觸……‖的意思。4．sunny disposition:樂觀開朗的個性5．positive emotional style:樂觀情緒型，情緒積極型 6．scratchy throat:嗓子痛7．susceptible to:對……敏感的，容易受到……影響的 8．a(chǎn)s to: 關(guān)于，至于 全文翻譯：樂觀情緒助你遠(yuǎn)離感冒最新研究顯示，保持樂觀積極的情緒是預(yù)防感冒的最佳途徑。一項令健康受試者接觸感冒病毒的實驗證明，積極情緒類型的受試者受感染的幾率相對較小。這個名為―積極情緒可以幫助預(yù)防感冒及其他疾病‖的發(fā)現(xiàn)被刊登在《身心醫(yī)學(xué)》期刊上，而究其原因則分為客觀和主觀兩方面?？陀^原因是積極樂觀的情緒有助于增強(qiáng)免疫系統(tǒng)的功能，而主觀原因則是：心情快樂的人較少受到咽痛和流鼻涕的困擾。來自匹茲堡卡內(nèi)基，梅隆大學(xué)的Sheldon Cohen博土是此研究的主要參與者，他解釋道―積極情緒類型的人對于病毒的免疫反應(yīng)可能較常人不同‖，―而且當(dāng)患感冒時，他們往往不會把自己的病情想象得太糟糕?！诖饲耙豁椄绲难芯恐?，Cohen及其同事就曾經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，積極情緒型的人對感冒病毒似乎不太敏感，但當(dāng)時并不能確定引起這種區(qū)別的是性格特征因素。在這次新的研究實驗中，研究者對193名健康的受試者進(jìn)行了規(guī)范的性格測試，包括自我認(rèn)為的健康程度以及情緒類型等。其中那些更傾向于心情愉快、精力充沛且平易近人的受試者為積極情緒型，而那些總是心情不快、緊張并對旁人心存敵意的受試者則屬于消極情緒類型。研究者給每位受試者提供了含有感冒病毒或某類流感病毒的滴鼻液，在接下來的六周里，每位受試者每天匯報他們各自的身體反應(yīng)，如疼痛、鼻塞、打噴嚏等。而研究者則要統(tǒng)計各種客觀數(shù)據(jù)，如受試者每日黏液分泌物化驗結(jié)果等。根據(jù)實驗的一些客觀統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)（如鼻涕化驗結(jié)果），Cohen及其同事發(fā)現(xiàn)，積極情緒類型的人患感冒的機(jī)會相對更小一些。練習(xí)： to a study author, when people with a positive emotional style do get a cold, they may think Athat their illness is very That their illness is not so that they do not get any illness at that the illness they get is not a mild with a positive emotional style may have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT A of the following is NOT one of the characteristics that people with a negative emotional style may have？ A did the researchers test their volunteers? ABy giving everyone nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu By giving everyone a medicine that help lessen the probability of catching By giving everyone an injection boosting immune By investigating everyone‘s characteristics, interests and of the following items is NOT included in the data that the researcher