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已結(jié)清貸款的家庭,再次申請住房公積金購房,最低首付30%。3月30日,中華人民共和國財政部發(fā)布《關于調(diào)整個人住房轉(zhuǎn)讓營業(yè)稅政策的通知》,通知要求,自3月31日起,個人住房轉(zhuǎn)讓營業(yè)稅免征年限由5年恢復至2年。4月19日下午,央行宣布從4月20日起下調(diào)各類存款類金融機構(gòu)人民幣存款準備金率1個百分點。5月9日,同時擴大銀行行存款利率上浮區(qū)間。根據(jù)《中國人民銀行關于下調(diào)金融機 構(gòu)人民幣貸款和存款基準利率的通知》,從2015年6月28日起,下調(diào)個人住房公積金存款利率。8月25日。9月30日,央行和銀監(jiān)會聯(lián)合發(fā)出通知,在不實施“限購”措施的城市,對居民家庭首次購買普通住房的商業(yè)性個人住房貸款,最低首付款比例調(diào)整為不低于25%。同日,央行、財政部、住建部聯(lián)合發(fā)出通知,明確自今年10月8日起將實施多項舉措,切實提高住房公積金使用效率,全面推行異地貸款業(yè)務。三、萬達成長史萬達商業(yè)地產(chǎn)發(fā)展三個階段:一、商業(yè)地產(chǎn)涉足階段(20002002,第一代店,城市包括長春、青島、濟南、哈爾濱、沈陽、天津、長沙、南昌、南京)。特點如下:拿地選址:以引進沃爾瑪作為吸引城市招商引資的合作條件,取得了省會城市商業(yè)核心區(qū)域的地塊;建筑產(chǎn)品:建筑為46萬平方米左右,4層樓的BIGBOX大盒子;商業(yè)業(yè)態(tài):以3樓超市、4樓家居為主力店,其它散租;贏利模式:一樓散賣、其它部分持有。這個階段對于萬達來說,建立起了對地方政府的招商需求認知(獲取優(yōu)質(zhì)土地),商業(yè)資源的對接,以及對商業(yè)地產(chǎn)如何贏利模式的初步框架。但商業(yè)經(jīng)驗不足,只敢拿市商業(yè)中心地,同時也出現(xiàn)了后續(xù)持續(xù)經(jīng)營不善的問題。二、商業(yè)地產(chǎn)調(diào)整階段(20022005,第二代店,城市包括武漢、南寧、天津、大連、沈陽)。特點如下:拿地選址:還是以引進沃爾瑪作為合作條件,取得了省會城市商業(yè)核心區(qū)域的地塊;建筑產(chǎn)品:建筑為1015萬平方米左右,多個4層樓的BIGBOX大盒子組合;商業(yè)業(yè)態(tài):除超市、家居以外,增加了百貨、影院等主力店;贏利模式:街鋪散賣、其它部分持有。這個階段對于萬達來說,開始出現(xiàn)了經(jīng)營的成功案例,如南寧、武漢、哈爾濱。也出現(xiàn)了經(jīng)營極端失敗案例——沈陽。其中,南寧、武漢、哈爾濱等經(jīng)營成功的一個共同現(xiàn)象就,都外部引進了連鎖知名百貨進行合作。萬達開始與百貨進行嘗試重點對接,包括與中國百貨元老——王德明,以及和深圳銅鑼灣百貨合作,以解決經(jīng)營問題,但**重重。當然,直到現(xiàn)在,萬達也沒解決這個問題,就是自營百貨始終虧損。大洋百貨突然易幟:資金吃緊萬達撤股 王德明出走三、商業(yè)地產(chǎn)發(fā)展階段(2006至今,第三代店,城市。)特點如下:拿地選址:是“萬達廣場”進駐城市作為招商引資的合作為主,取得了城市發(fā)展新區(qū)地塊為主;建筑產(chǎn)品:建筑為50100萬平方米左右,產(chǎn)品豐富多樣,包括步行街鋪、住宅、公寓、寫字樓、酒店等;商業(yè)業(yè)態(tài):包括超市、百貨、影院、餐飲、電玩等,業(yè)態(tài)豐富化;贏利模式:購物中心和酒店持有,其它以快速銷售為主。這個階段對于萬達來說,是從城市中心走入城市周邊新區(qū)發(fā)展的階段。萬達順應了中國城市化發(fā)展的方向(中國城市化主要以開發(fā)區(qū)為方向帶動,而全國開發(fā)區(qū)在2006年,達到6800多個,普遍建設在城市的新區(qū),迫切需要招商引資來拉動)。萬達在新區(qū)的布點,避免了與市中心區(qū)商業(yè)的競爭,極大的減少了萬達經(jīng)營的壓力。新區(qū)人口隨著城市化的增長而增多,這樣實現(xiàn)了政府、消費者、投資商、商戶的多贏。換句話說,萬達一直頭痛的商業(yè)經(jīng)營問題,隨著中國城市化的快速發(fā)展,得到了極大緩解或解決。至于武漢、南昌、長白山等第四代萬達城,相關人士認為其個性化更大于復制性,沒有深入研究,因此,在此不再表述。萬達的理念個人認為,萬達的理念思路,就是走中國的市(bu)場(qiu)化(ren)道路: 2000年以前,萬達積累了房地產(chǎn)的開發(fā)經(jīng)驗,但遇到了房地產(chǎn)的主要難題——如何通過市場化的手段拿地問題;于是,有了通過世界五百強,迎合地方政府招商引資的需要的開發(fā)嘗試; 20002006年,土塊的問題解決了,但萬達出現(xiàn)了拿地開發(fā)銷售后的商業(yè)無法可持續(xù)經(jīng)營問題。于是,開始尋找從拿地選址、建筑規(guī)劃、商業(yè)運營的再度嘗試; 20062013年,商業(yè)經(jīng)營模式解決了,但商業(yè)人才緊缺,如何通過制度保障該商業(yè)模式能夠在全國快速的復制問題。于是,萬達通過商業(yè)的標準化、IT化的制度建設,解決了項目的快速復制性問題。當然,目前萬達還存在,持有商業(yè)如何變現(xiàn)的問題,到現(xiàn)在還沒有解決。第三篇:房地產(chǎn)發(fā)展史英文The fist stage1978 to 1991Theoretical Breakthrough and the experimental phaseIn 1978, Theorists put forward the perspective of mercialization of housing, land and property rights perspectiveFrom 1987 to 1991 Chinese real estate market staredIn 1991 The State Council has approved the overall housing reform programme in 24 provinces and second stage1991 to 1998The irrational speculation and and adjustment phase During this period A lot of money entered into real estate, which resulted severe real estate a series of policies were government began the first round of Tightening macro the real estate bubble burst, Resulting in a large number of unfinished buildings and bank bad we have an example, that’s the real estate of Hainan province in 1990s,At the beginning of 1992 Deng’s southern tour speech published,and then the Party Central Committee proposed to speed up the pace of reform of the housing system, hundreds of billions of funds throughout the country flocked to Haikou, Beihai and other the southern coastal the same time, the housing price rose quickly, This is the first time the real estate was hot since the China’s reform and opening up, and it buried the foreshadowing For the real estate 1992 the real estate investment for Hainan reached billion yuan, which was an half of the investment in the fixed land price soared to 6 million per mu than the million per mu in in this year the Economic growth rate reached a staggering 83% in Haikou and % in SanyaIn 1988 the average housing price was 1350 yuan/Square meter,and 1400 in 1991, but increased to 5000 yuan per yuan/Square average housing price reached its peak at the first half of 1993, the price was 7500 yuan/Square ??!Later on The government rectified the real estate, The State Council issued policies and every oneIs hot real estate was disappeared and reminded 10% of the national mercial housing backlog and 6000 unfinished ABC CBC and BOC had 30 billion bad 1993 developers escaped or closed banks bee the The largest Loan Ratio of some banks even reach to 60%.Stage 31998 to 2003Relatively stable coordinated development phaseAlong with the reform of housing system and the constant improvement ine level of resident ,Housing has bee a new hot spot of is an important period of the development of real estate year, the State Council issued the “Circular on further deepening reform of the housing system to speed up housing construction”.The main one is the abolition of the welfare housing distribution system, to solve the housing problem through the real estate developed rapidly during this period and The real estate industry has bee one of the pillar industries in the in this phase Wenzhou real mission came to the August 18, 2001, the first Wenzhou real mission total of 157 people went forward to Shanghai,and bought 100 houses within 3 invested 50 million into property market in the following years over then 200 billion yuan invested in the real and shanghai has 100 is the Wenzhou rea