【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 haracteristics model(JCM)職務(wù)特征模型，工作特征模型 Job description 職務(wù)描述，工作描述Job involvement工作投入 Job morphing 職務(wù)形態(tài)，工作形態(tài) Job rotation職務(wù)輪換，工作轉(zhuǎn)換Job satisfaction 工作滿意感 Job sharing 職務(wù)分擔(dān)，工作分擔(dān)（分享）Job specification 職務(wù)說(shuō)明，工作說(shuō)明Jobs and personality 職務(wù)與個(gè)性，工作與個(gè)性 Jobs 工作Justintime(JIT)inventory systems 準(zhǔn)時(shí)制庫(kù)存系統(tǒng)K Kaizen 改善 Kanban 看板Karoshi 勞累過(guò)度而猝死Knowledgebased trust 基于知識(shí)的信任Knowledge workers 知識(shí)工人 Korea 韓國(guó)L Labormanagement relations and teams 勞資關(guān)系與團(tuán)隊(duì)Laissezfaire style of leadership 自由放任型領(lǐng)導(dǎo) Language 語(yǔ)言Language and effective munication 語(yǔ)言和有效溝通Late career 職業(yè)后期 Lateral thinking 橫向考慮，橫向思維Layoffsurvivor sickness 裁員幸存者心態(tài) Layoffs 裁員 Leadermember relations 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者成員關(guān)系Leaderparticipation model 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者參與模型 Leaders 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者 Leadership 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)Leading領(lǐng)導(dǎo)（職能）Learning 學(xué)習(xí)Leastpreferred coworker(LPC)questionnaire 最難共事者問(wèn)卷Legislation合法，法律 Legitimate power 合法權(quán)力，合法權(quán) Leverage ratios 財(cái)務(wù)杠桿比率 Liaison roles聯(lián)絡(luò)者角色Liaisons with external constituencies外部客戶聯(lián)絡(luò)者Likeme effect（在想象別人時(shí)，認(rèn)為別人）與自己相象的效果 Line authority直線職權(quán) Linear programming 線性規(guī)劃 Links of suppliers供應(yīng)商聯(lián)系Linkers聯(lián)系者 Liquidity ratio 流動(dòng)比率 Load chart負(fù)荷圖 Locus of control 控制中心 Longterm plans 長(zhǎng)期計(jì)劃 Loyalty忠心，忠誠(chéng)MMachiavellianism 馬基雅維里主義 Maintenance control 維護(hù)控制 Management 管理Managementbyobjectives(MBO)目標(biāo)管理 Managementbywalking around走動(dòng)管理Management petencies 管理能力 Management functions 管理職能Management information systems(MIS)管理信息系統(tǒng) Management process 管理過(guò)程，管理職能Management rights 管理權(quán)力 Management roles 管理角色 Management skills 管理技能 Managerial grid 管理方格Managers 管理者，經(jīng)理Mandatory Retirement Act 強(qiáng)制退休法案Market control 市場(chǎng)控制 Marketplace putting importanceon managers 市場(chǎng)機(jī)制決定了管理者的重要性Matrix structure矩陣結(jié)構(gòu) Mature teams 成熟團(tuán)隊(duì) Maximax/maximin choices 優(yōu)中選優(yōu)/劣中選優(yōu) Measuring 度量，衡量 Measuring performance 衡量業(yè)績(jī) Mechanistic organization 機(jī)械式組織Mentors 導(dǎo)師，教練 Merger 合并，并入 Message 消息 Mexico 墨西哥 Midcareer 職業(yè)中期 Mideast 中東Middlemanager 中層管理者M(jìn)iddleoftheroad management 中庸之道型管理Minimum wage employees and motivation 最低工資員工和激勵(lì)Minority domination and group decision making 少數(shù)人支配（控制）和群體決策制定Mission statement 使命陳述 Monitor role 監(jiān)督角色Monitoring 監(jiān)督Morphing 形態(tài) Moscow莫斯科Motivating potential score(MPS)激勵(lì)潛力得分 Motivation動(dòng)機(jī) Motivationhygiene theory激勵(lì)保健理論 Motivators激勵(lì)因素Motor reproduction process 機(jī)械再現(xiàn)過(guò)程，動(dòng)力復(fù)制過(guò)程 Multinational corporations(MNCs)多國(guó)公司Multiperson parison 多人比較法Multiple criteria and effective controlsystems 多重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和有效控制系統(tǒng)MyersBriggs Type Indicator(MBTI)邁耶—布里格斯類(lèi)型指標(biāo)NNational borders國(guó)界 National cultural differences 民族文化差異National Labor Relations Act 全國(guó)勞動(dòng)力關(guān)系法案National Labor Relations Board 全國(guó)勞動(dòng)力關(guān)系委員會(huì) Need需要 Need for achievement(nAch)成就需要Need for affiliation(nAff)歸屬需要Need for power(nPow)權(quán)力需要Negative feedback負(fù)反饋 Negative reinforcement 負(fù)強(qiáng)化 Negotiation談判Negotiator role談判者角色Netherlands 荷蘭 Network organization 網(wǎng)絡(luò)組織 Networking 網(wǎng)絡(luò)化 Neural network 神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)New Deal 新政 New Zealand 新西蘭 Noise 噪聲Nominal group technique 名義群體（決策）技術(shù)Nonprogrammed decisions 非程序化決策Nonverbal cues 非語(yǔ)言暗示 Norming 規(guī)范 Norms 規(guī)范 Notforprofit organizations 非贏利性與贏利性組織O Objectives 目標(biāo) Observation 觀察 Obsolescence 過(guò)時(shí) Occupational Safety and Health Act(OSHA)職業(yè)安全和健康法案Onthejob training methods 在職培訓(xùn)方法Openness to experience 公開(kāi)經(jīng)歷 Open system 開(kāi)放系統(tǒng) Operant conditioning 操作性條件反射，操作制約 Operating ratios 經(jīng)營(yíng)比率 Operations control 作業(yè)控制Operations management 作業(yè)管理 Operations research(OR)運(yùn)籌學(xué) Operations technology 作業(yè)技術(shù)Operatives 操作者 Opportunities 機(jī)會(huì)Oral munication 口頭交流Oral reports口頭報(bào)告Order in Fayol39。s principles of management法約爾管理原則的順序 Orders命令Organic organization 有機(jī)式組織 Organization behavior(OB)組織行為Organization culture 組織文化 Organization design組織設(shè)計(jì)Organization development(OD)組織發(fā)展Organization size and structure 組織規(guī)模與結(jié)構(gòu)Organizational performance and planning組織績(jī)效與計(jì)劃Organizing 組織（職能）Orientation 導(dǎo)向，定向 Outsourcing 業(yè)務(wù)外包PPaired parison approach 兩兩比較法，配對(duì)比較法 Pakistan巴基斯坦 Parochialism狹隘觀念 Participating style 參與風(fēng)格Participation and reducing resistance tochange參與以減少變革的阻力Participative leader 參與型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者 Parttime employees 兼職員工 Pathgoal theory 路徑目標(biāo)理論 Payforperformance 業(yè)績(jī)工資（制）Payoff matrices 工資矩陣 Perception知覺(jué)Performance appraisals methods 績(jī)效評(píng)估方法Performance evaluations績(jī)效評(píng)估Performance management systems 績(jī)效管理系統(tǒng)Performancereward linkage 績(jī)效—報(bào)酬的關(guān)系Performancesimulation tests 績(jī)效模擬測(cè)試 Performing執(zhí)行Personal differences and conflicts 個(gè)人差異和沖突Personal factors leading to stress 導(dǎo)致壓力的個(gè)人因素 Personality 個(gè)性 Personalized service 個(gè)性化服務(wù) Philippines 菲律賓共和國(guó) Philosophy courses 哲學(xué)教程（課程）Physical examination 身體檢查 Physiological needs 生理需要Physiological symptoms 生理表征 Plan 計(jì)劃 Plandocheckact(PDCA)cycle 計(jì)劃執(zhí)行核查行動(dòng)圈Planning 計(jì)劃（職能）Policy 政策Political petencies 政治交往能力Political science studies 政治科學(xué)研究Political skills 政治技能 Polygraph Protection Act 測(cè)謊器（使用）保護(hù)法案 Portugal 葡萄牙Position power 職位權(quán)力 Positive expectation 正期望，肯定的期望Positive feedback 正反饋 Positive reinforcement 正強(qiáng)化 Power 權(quán)力Power distance 權(quán)力差距Pregnancy Discrimination Act（反）孕期歧視法案 Presentation skills表現(xiàn)技能 Preventive maintenance 預(yù)防維護(hù) Principles of management 管理原則Principles of Scientific Management科學(xué)管理原則Privacy Act 隱私權(quán)法案 Private employment agencies 私人就業(yè)代理 Problem問(wèn)題Problemsolving teams 解決問(wèn)題團(tuán)隊(duì)，問(wèn)題解決型團(tuán)隊(duì) Procedure 程序 Process過(guò)程，流程Process approach過(guò)程觀念，過(guò)程學(xué)派Process consultation 過(guò)程咨詢(xún) Process control 過(guò)程控制Process departmentalization 按流程劃分部門(mén)Process value analysis過(guò)程（流程）價(jià)值分析Product departmentalization 按產(chǎn)品劃分部門(mén)Product distribution 產(chǎn)品分配 Productionoriented 面向生產(chǎn)的 Productivity生產(chǎn)率Profitmarginonrevenues ratios 邊際銷(xiāo)售利潤(rùn)率 Profitability ratios 盈利性比率Program evaluation and review technique(PERT)計(jì)劃評(píng)審技術(shù)PERT networkPERT 網(wǎng)絡(luò) Programmed decisions 程序化決策 Project management 項(xiàng)目管理 Psychological needs心理需要Psychological symptoms 心理表征 Psychology courses 心理學(xué)教程（課程）Public employment agencies 公共就業(yè)代理機(jī)構(gòu)Public speaking 公開(kāi)演講 Punishment 懲罰 Purchasing costs 采購(gòu)成本 Pygmalion effect 自我實(shí)現(xiàn)效應(yīng)Q Qualities of employees 員工的能力 Qualitative forecasting 定性預(yù)測(cè) Quality circles 質(zhì)