【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 quander natural resources with no thought for the future，thelater generations would end up selling sand，as is the case in the cartoon，andthe whole world would be in a is running is up to us to take effective measures before thesituation gets out of ：人稱代詞人稱代詞一、主格人稱代詞有I，we，you，he，she，they，it，主格人稱代詞就是在句中充當主語和表語的代詞二、賓格人稱代詞有me，us，you，him，her，them，it，賓格人稱代詞即在句中充當賓語（含介詞賓語）的代詞三、同步練習1）Archibald Motley’s artistic talent ［A］ was apparent ［B］ by the time him ［C］ enrolled ［D］ in high ）Legends often contain an element ［A］ of fact，but ［B］ sometimes it is ［C］ totally ［D］ ）Unlike ［A］ road vehicles，Hovercrafts have no physical ［B］ contact with the surface over which ［C］ them ［D］ ）Let you and I ［A］ promise that we shall always ［B］ dare to do ［C］ what is ［D］ ）Most of we ［A］ know that conductors direct their orchestras with a baton，but how many ［B］ are aware that ［C］ they also direct with their faces，hands ［D］，and shoulders？四、例題解析1）C錯。him是賓格，而此處卻需要作主語的人稱代詞，）C錯。改為they “Legends”而不是“an element”。3）D錯。them也是賓格，應改用主格they，作定語從句中的主語，）A錯。）A錯。改為賓格us，因為前面是介詞of，us作其賓語，故用賓格。2010年成人高考高起點英語語法歸納二：物主代詞物主代詞一、表示人的物主代詞用my，our，your，his，her和their，指無生命的東西用its（但指國家時一般用she或her），它們在句中作定語二、名詞型物主代詞能作表語（It’s theirs）、主語（Mine is there）、賓語（I don’t like hers），與of連用可以作定語（the food of theirs）。三、同步練習1）A scientist bases its ［A］ work on hypotheses that ［B］ have been checked ［C］ through careful ［D］ ）Crude rubber is an ［A］ elastic（有彈性的）solid with a specific gravity of and a refractive index（折射率）of ，though it ［B］ position varies with different latexes（橡漿）as well as ［C］ with the way it is prepared ［D］ at the ）Manufacturers ［A］ of consumer goods ［B］ often change ［C］ the styles of them ［D］ 、例題解析1）A錯。）B錯。）D錯。：反身代詞反身代詞一、反身代詞有myself，ourselves，yourselves，himself，herself，themselves，要用反身代詞（否則就不能用反身代詞），反身代詞也可放在名詞或代詞（主格）后面（也可放在句尾）起強調(diào)作用1）All ［A］ the scouts（童子軍）got theirselves ［B］ ready for the ［C］ long camping trip by spending their weekends living ［D］ in the ）Various ［A］ animals have shells that keep themselves ［B］ from growing beyond ［C］ a certain ［D］ ）Benjamin Banneker’s aptitude ［A］ in mathematics ［B］ and knowledge of astronomy enabled himself ［C］ to predict the solar ［D］ eclipse of ）The president announced that he himself ［A］ would act upon ［B］ the evidence as presented ［C］ to himself ［D］ by the congressional ）Garrett ［A］ Morgan died in Cleveland，Ohio，the city that ［A］ had awarded himself ［B］ a gold medal for his devotion ［C］ to public ［D］ ）Plants rid them ［A］ of excess water through ［B］ transpiration，the evaporation of extra ［C］ moisture from their ［D］ ）When Jonathan went ［A］ to Spain with his ［B］ sister，he bought a ［C］ leather coat for her and another for him ［D］.二、例題解析1）B錯。）B錯。B處明顯指代animals，而它前面的主語that卻指代shells，也就是說“that”和“themselves”指的不是同一事物。由于主語與賓語不是同一物，故不能用反身代詞，）C錯。本句的主語為aptitude，而非Benjamin Banneker（在這里它作aptitude的定語），而C處的代詞卻指上文提到的人名“Benjamin Banneker”，由于主語與賓語并非指同一人，故不能用反身代詞，）D錯。改為to “presented”的（邏輯）主語是“evidence”，而不是A處的“he，”所以D“himself”處與C處“presented”的主語“evidence”不一致，所以不能用反身代詞。5）B錯。6）A錯。此處的them指主語plants，rid是及物動詞，由于主語與賓語指同一物，）D錯。改為for ：不定代詞不定代詞一、“every”（每一個）只作為定語使用，即必須在其后加上單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞構成名詞短語，它不可與everyone（每一個）混淆。everyone相當于名詞，它不可修飾其他名詞，只作主語或賓語1）Every ［A］ knows that hospitals are institutions where the sick are treated，but how many ［B］ realize that they were once ［C］ homes for the indigent and the friendless ［D］ ？2）Everyone ［A］ child in the United States must ［B］ receive ［C］ some form of educational instruction ［D］.例題解析1）A錯。every不可單獨充當句子成分，）A錯。改為Every，、“much”和“many”分別修飾不可數(shù)名詞和可數(shù)名詞，可作為代詞（如much of）和形容詞使用3）Food seasoning plays an important ［A］ role in the cooking ［B］ customs of much ［C］ cultures in ［D］ the ）The general sales tax has been ［A］ a major source of ine for state governments，much ［B］ of which derive more than half ［C］ of their budgets from ［D］ ）Data received from ［A］ two spacecraft indicate that there is many evidence ［B］ that huge thunderstorms are now occurring ［C］ around the equator ［D］ of the planet 3）C錯。應改為of many，因為被修飾詞cultures為可數(shù)名詞，故其修飾語應用many，而much要修飾不可數(shù)名詞。4）B錯。應改用many，因此處所指代的是可數(shù)名詞governments（復數(shù)），many在本句中為代詞，作非限定性定語從句的主語。5）B錯。應改為much evidence，因為evidence（證據(jù)，跡象）為不可數(shù)名詞，故應用much來修飾。三、“some”和“any”是表示不定數(shù)量的代詞，相當于漢語的“一些”，作定語可修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，其中some（包括它的合成詞something，someone，somebody）多用于肯定句，而any（包括它的合成詞anything，anyone，anybody）則用于疑問句和否定句中，其中any在否定句中相當于漢語中的“任何”；形容詞修飾something，someone，somebody，anything，anyone，anybody，nothing，nobody時，形容詞要放在這些詞的后邊6）Historians ［A］ have never reached some general ［B］ agreement about ［C］ the precise causes of the ［D］ Civil War in the United 6）B錯。應為any general，因為本句為否定句（否定副詞never），應該用