【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 x a telephone for each August 16, 2005To: The leader of student service departmentFrom: Li MingSubject: TelephoneDear Sir，I would like to remind you that we are in want of a telephone for each a university student, we need to cope with the daily increasing munications with teachers, friends and people outside the need a telephone to get and send message, which is important for most of us have mobile phones and address, a telephone in the dormitory is after all the most convenient and cheapest tool of hope that you will pay attention to this problem and solve it as soon as ,Li Ming三、摘要文章摘要是對所寫文章主要內(nèi)容的精煉概括。美國人稱摘要為“Abstract”，而英國人則喜歡稱其為“Summary”。通常國際刊物要求所要刊登的文章字數(shù)，包括摘要部分不超過1萬字。而對文章摘要部分的字數(shù)要求則更少。因此寫摘要時，應用最為簡練的語言來表達論文之精華。論文摘要的重點應放在所研究的成果和結論上。國際會議要求的論文摘要的字數(shù)不等，一般為200字500字。而國際刊物要求所刊登的論文摘要的字數(shù)通常是100字200字。摘要的位置一般放在一篇文章的最前面，內(nèi)容上涵蓋全文，并直接點明全旨。語言上要求盡量簡煉。摘要通常多采用第三人稱撰寫。科學書籍、論文和學術報告一般都附有內(nèi)容摘要，這樣可以節(jié)省讀者的時間，使他們不必讀完整個文章就能夠了解它的主要內(nèi)容。書籍摘要，一般放在封二或封三；論文和學術報告的摘要，一般放在正文前面。摘要應做到簡明扼要，切題，能獨立成文，使讀者能準確地了解書籍的要義。寫摘要時，最好用第三人稱的完整的陳述句，文長一般不超過200個詞。英文摘要分類摘要分陳述性的（Descriptive）和資料性的（Informational）兩類。陳述性摘要只陳述書籍或文章的主題，不介紹內(nèi)容。資料性的摘要除了介紹主題外，還應介紹文章的要點和各個要點的主要內(nèi)容。它可以包括三個組成部分：①點明主題，解析文章或書籍的目的或意圖；②介紹主要內(nèi)容，使讀者迅速了解文章或書籍的概貌；③提出結論或建議，以供讀者參考。英文摘要常見句型1）This paper deals with...2）This article focuses on the topics of(that, having, etc)...3）This eassy presents knowledge that...4）This thesis discusses...5）This thesis analyzes...6）This paper provides an overview of...7)This paper elaborates on...8）This article gives an overview of...9）This article pares...and summarizes key ）This paper includes discussions concerning...11)This paper presents up to date information on...12)This article covers the role of chemicals in...13)This paper addresses important topics including...14)This paper touches upon...15)This paper strongly emphasizes...16)This eassy represents the preceedings of...17)This article not only describes...but also suggests...18)This paper considers...19)This paper provides a method of...20)This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze...摘要題型寫作要點：① 動筆之前，考生一定要認真仔細地閱讀所給原文，弄懂原文大意，掌握原文要點。② 摘要的長度一般是原文的四分之一或五分之一，考試時應遵守規(guī)定的字數(shù)限制。③ 在做摘要時考生切忌照搬原文。④ 摘要應與原文的觀點保持一致，并且仍按原文的邏輯順序排列。⑤ 重點反映主要觀點，刪除細節(jié)。⑥ 簡化從句，用簡短的語句代替冗長的語句。⑦ 檢查與修改時，考生應重點檢查是否遺漏了原文的要點或包含了細節(jié)。摘要題型寫作實例① 試題題目Directions: Study the following essay carefully and write a summary in about 80 continue to share with our remotest ancestors the most tangled and evasive attitudes about death, despite the great distance we have e in understanding some of the profound aspects of have as much distaste for talking about personal death as for thinking about it。it is an indelicacy, like talking in mixed pany about venereal disease or abortion in the old on a grand scale does not bother us in the same special way: we can sit around a dinner table and discuss war, involving 60 billion volatilized human deaths, as though we were talking about bad weather。we can watch abrupt bloody death every day, in color, on films and television, without blinking back a is when the numbers of dead are very small, and very close, that we begin to think in scurrying the very center of the problem is the naked cold deadness of one’s own self, the only reality in nature of which we can have absolute certainty, and it is unmentionable, may be even less willing to face the issue at first hand than our predecessors because of a secret new hope that maybe it will go like to think, hiding the thought, that with all the marvelous ways in which we seem now to lead nature around by the nose, perhaps we can avoid the central problem if we just bee, next year, say, a bit smarter.② 原文要點： to have the most confused ideas of death like predecessors talking about death③ 參考摘要：People dislike talking about death because they just like their predecessors still have the vaguest ideas of the talk about death only when million upon millions of people are killed in they find only very few people die each time and the death rates are almost equal, they bee very anxious, thinking that next time they themselves will meet their , they fear very , they have a hope that when they control nature, they can avoid death.(84 words)開頭與結尾用語開頭：Dear Sir, Dear Madam, Dear sir or Madam, Dear President, Dear Sales Manager, Dear Dean, Dear Professor, To whom it may concern, Dear ，結尾：Yours faithfully, Yours truly, Yours, Yours sincerely, Best regards, Best wishes, lovingly yours, sincerely yours，l 正文第一句朋友：Hi!How are you?Hello!I hope everything is !How is everything going?如不認識：I was a guest at your hotel from June 25 to am a student at your college, enrolled in the puter ：Thank you for your invitation to the international medical conference on October you for your letter dated October ：I am writing to advise you for the loss of my credit ’d like to inquire about course am writing to plain about/of the poor service at your 結尾段發(fā)出請求：I am looking forward to your prompt reply to us at your earliest ：once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience accept my apologies once ：I expect to hear from you very give this matter your immediate 1． 投訴信開頭：自我介紹，交代投訴內(nèi)容，表明本信的目的和要求正文：說明情況，講清利害，分析利弊。告訴對方你因此受到的傷害或不便，提出解決問題的建議，表明希望如何處理。結尾：表達希望問題得到迅速恰當解決的強烈愿望。希望盡快得到滿意的答復。常用句型：I am writing to you to plain about….I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with/at…I beg to call your attention to the fact that…I wish to refer you to an incident which occurred…, calling for some remedial very much regret to have to inform you that…I am totally/pletely disappointed/upset to find…I find it awful/quite distressing that…My experience in…on…(date)shocked can hardly put up with are some problems with the … that I wish to bring to one thing, there is….For another, …..I can hardly stand/bear/tolerate/put up with it any improve the situation/solve the above problem, it is advisable for you to take the following measures:…I look forward to a day when we could really enjoy a more efficient ho