【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 要求如下： 蓄電池：要求使用全封閉、免維護(hù)、尺寸小的充電型 電池，一般應(yīng)使用鎘鎳電池，條件較優(yōu)越也可鉛酸電池，但尺寸較大，壽命較短，但不應(yīng)使用汽車蓄電池，更不允許用原電池。蓄電池在正常充放電條件下，使用壽命應(yīng)不小于 45 年，或按全充放電循環(huán)考核，不少于 400 次。對于鉛酸電池，不應(yīng)少于 200 次。電池的再充電時(shí)間不應(yīng)少于 24h。 應(yīng)有逆變、控制、保護(hù)及充電等環(huán)節(jié)。一般應(yīng)有過充電保護(hù)。對于鉛酸電池，還必須設(shè)過放電保護(hù)，至于鎘鎳電池，過放電影響較小。 逆變電路應(yīng)保證一定的流明效率。即從正常電源供電轉(zhuǎn)換到蓄電池供電后，光源輸出光通量的比例。對于非持續(xù)運(yùn)行應(yīng)急燈，轉(zhuǎn)換到 蓄電池供電 5S 后的光通量要求不低于其額定光通量的 80%。這個(gè)數(shù)位各國規(guī)定不同，有的國家規(guī)定可由生產(chǎn)廠洽定，甚至可以定為 5%以致 50%，照明設(shè)計(jì)中應(yīng)特別注意，不能一律按光源的額定通量計(jì)算應(yīng)急照明照度，要根據(jù)生產(chǎn)廠洽定的數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算。 電池放電終了時(shí)的電壓不應(yīng)低于額定電壓的 80%。有些國家規(guī)定了更高地比例。放電終了，應(yīng)該是指該應(yīng)急燈規(guī)定的應(yīng)急持續(xù)工作時(shí)間的終了。 18 第 10 章 結(jié) 論 我認(rèn)為在民用建筑電氣設(shè)計(jì)中，應(yīng)急照明會因其特有的重要性和政策性而越來越受到人們的重視和關(guān)注，已上只是我對應(yīng)急照明做了很膚淺的解析 ．但如何使應(yīng)急照明設(shè)計(jì)嚴(yán)格地執(zhí)行好國家的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范，還需要全社會的共同努力在今后的工程實(shí)踐中去進(jìn)一步探討研究。 應(yīng)急照明燈數(shù)不多，規(guī)模小的建筑物可采用分散供電式系統(tǒng)，其余建筑，特別是高層建筑宜采用自啟動柴油發(fā)電機(jī)組作為應(yīng)急照明的主要供電方式或后備供電方式 (起動及投入運(yùn)行時(shí)間小于 15s)，只對誘導(dǎo)指示照明，安全照明及金融商業(yè)交易場所等對轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)間要求較高場所的備用照明，采用分散供電式的應(yīng)急照明燈具作為過渡照明，以滿足轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)間的要求。 國際電工委員會 IEC《應(yīng)急照明燈具》標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將應(yīng)急照明分為疏散照明和備用照明，國際 照明委員會 CIE 出版物《建筑物內(nèi)的應(yīng)急照明指南》將應(yīng)急照明分為疏散照明、安全照明和備用照明。有關(guān)其應(yīng)急照明的內(nèi)容是一致的，區(qū)別在于是否將安全照明獨(dú)立對待， IEC 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將安全照明歸于備用照明，但在實(shí)際使用中，安全照明與備用照明在設(shè)置場所及處理方式上有不同，因此，將兩者區(qū)分開來較適宜?！墩諛?biāo)》第 2條制定： “照明種類可分為正常照明、應(yīng)急照明、值班照明、警衛(wèi)照明和障礙照明。應(yīng)急照明可包括疏散照明、安全照明和備用照明。 ” 在各防火規(guī)范《高層民用建筑設(shè)計(jì)防火規(guī)范》 (GB5004595，以下簡稱《高規(guī)》 )和 《建筑設(shè)計(jì)防火規(guī)范》 (GBJ1687 修訂本，以下簡稱《低規(guī)》 )中，也提到應(yīng)急照明，此處所指應(yīng)急照明應(yīng)理解為只是應(yīng)急照明的一種形式。由于近年來，火災(zāi)的情況不斷發(fā)生，使設(shè)計(jì)工程師在觀念上，一提到應(yīng)急照明就認(rèn)為是火災(zāi)狀態(tài)下的應(yīng)急照明。實(shí)際上，《照標(biāo)》所指應(yīng)急照明的外延比火災(zāi)應(yīng)急照明要大，因?yàn)檎Ｕ彰鞯碾娫窗l(fā)生故障應(yīng)包括正常供電停電、或在發(fā)生火災(zāi)、地震、防空等緊急情況下， 19 正常電源的失能。所以，工程應(yīng)急照明系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)，不僅要滿足防火規(guī)范要求的火災(zāi)應(yīng)急照明系統(tǒng)的設(shè)置，還要滿足各個(gè)規(guī)范或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對整體應(yīng)急照明系統(tǒng)的要求。 20 致 謝 在我的努力和老師朋友的幫助下，畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)終于順利的完成。從剛開始接受課題到完成論文，這期間凝結(jié)了各位老師的心血，許多時(shí)候你們不辭勞苦，陪著我們鉆研課題，講解難處，無半句怨言，在此我深深的感謝你們。特別是我的指導(dǎo)老師韓亞軍感謝你給予的熱忱指導(dǎo)提出的寶貴意見，幫助我順利的完成了畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)。在此衷心的祝愿老師們工作順利，身體健康！ 另外，還要感謝我們同組成員對我的關(guān)照。特別是我的室友楊齊他無償?shù)姆瞰I(xiàn)出自己的電腦給我使用。這次論文順利的完成與你們的熱忱幫助密不可分。真誠的祝愿大家前程似錦，一帆風(fēng)順！ 21 參考文獻(xiàn) [1]高層民用建筑設(shè)計(jì)防火規(guī)范．北京：中國計(jì)劃出版社 ,2020 [2]建筑屋內(nèi)的應(yīng)急照明指南．國際照明委員會 CIE 出版社 [3]民用配電設(shè)計(jì)手冊．中國航空工業(yè)規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)研究院 等編 .北京：電力出版社， 1994 [4]民用建筑設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范 . 曹善琪等 .中國建筑工業(yè)出版社 . [5] 民用建筑照明設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) .中國計(jì)劃出版社 ,2020 22 中國石油大學(xué)（華東）現(xiàn)代遠(yuǎn)程教育 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）評語 指導(dǎo)教師 ： 韓 亞 軍 職稱： 講 師 工作單 位： 重慶信息工程專修學(xué)院 學(xué) 員： 陳 軍 年級專業(yè)層次 0403 級 電氣工程及自動化 高起本 評語： 指導(dǎo)教師簽名： 年 月 日 23 t was not until midafternoon that the inspector ambled up on his pony. My father pulled himself together, and went out to receive him。 the effor t to be even formally polite nearly strangled him. Even then the in spector was not brisk. He dis mounted in a leisurely fashion, and strolled into the house, chatting about the weather. Father, red in the face, handed him over to Mary who took him along to mother39。s room. Then followed the worst wait of all. Mary said afterwards that he hummed and ha39。d for an unconscionable time while he examined the baby in minutest detail. At last, however, he emerged, with an expressionless face. In the littleused sittingroom he sat down at the table and fussed for a while about getting a good point on his quill. At last he took a form from his pouch, and in a slow, deliberate hand wrote that he officially found the child to be a true female human being, free from any detectable form of deviation. He regarded that thoughtfully for some moments, as though not perfectly satisfied. He let his hand hesitate before he actually dated and signed it, then he sanded it carefully, and handed it to my enraged father, still with a faint air of uncertainty. He had, of course, no real doubt in his m ind, or he would have called for another opinion。 my father was perfectly well aware of that, too. At last Petra39。s existence could be admitted. I was formally told that I had a new sister, and presently I was taken to see he r where she lay in a crib beside my mother39。s bed. She looked so pink and wrinkled to me that I did not see how the inspector could have been quite sure about her. How ever, there was nothing obviously wrong with her, so she had got her certificate. Nobody could blame the inspector for that。 she did appear to be as normal as a newborn baby ever looks. ... While we were taking turns to look at her somebody started to ring the stable bell in the customary way. Everyone on the farm stopped work, and very soon we were all assembled in the kitchen for prayers of thanksgiving. Two, or it may have been three, days after Petra was born I happened upon a piece of my family39。s history that I would prefer not to have known. I was sitting quietly in the room next to my parents39。 bedroom where my mother still lay in bed. It was a matter of chance, and strategy, too. It was the latest place that I had found to stay hidden awhile after the midday meal until the coast was clear and I could slip away without being given an afternoon job。 so far, nobody had thought of looking there for me. It was simply a matter of putting in half an hour or so. Normally the room was very convenient, though just at present its use required caution because the wattle wall between the rooms was cracked and I had to move very cautiously on tiptoe lest my mother should hear me. On that particular day I was just thinking that I had allowed nearly enough time for people to be busy again when a twowheeled trap drove up. As it passed the w indow I had a glimpse of my Aunt Harriet holding the reins. I had only seen her some eight or nine times, for she lived fifteen miles away in the Kentak dir