chapter5主持詞匯編(編輯修改稿)
2024-10-13 07:33 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 of my ： rise, fall, happen是不及物動詞；raise, seat是及物動詞。(錯(cuò))The price has been risen.(對)The price has risen.(錯(cuò))The accident was happened last week.(對)The accident happened last week.(錯(cuò))The price has raised.(對)The price has been raised.(錯(cuò))Please seat.(對)Please be ，就須注意哪些動詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問題唯有在學(xué)習(xí)過程中多留意積累。五、不能用于被動語態(tài)的及物動詞或動詞短語： fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to This key just fits the story agrees with what had already been 、系動詞無被動語態(tài)：appear, be bee, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn1）It sounds ）The steel feels cold3)The method proved(to be)、帶同源賓語的及物動詞，反身代詞，相互代詞，不能用于被動語態(tài)： die, death, dream, live, lifeShe dreamed a bad dream last 、當(dāng)賓語是不定式時(shí)，很少用于被動語態(tài)。(對)She likes to swim.(錯(cuò))To swim is liked by 、“be+過去分詞”并不一定都是被動語態(tài)，有時(shí)是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)“be+過去分詞”表示動作時(shí)為被動語態(tài)，be是助動詞，be后面的過去分詞是主要?jiǎng)釉~，動作的對象是主語；當(dāng)“be +過去分詞”表示主語所處的狀態(tài)時(shí)為系表結(jié)構(gòu)，be是連系動詞。be后面的過去分詞是表語，相當(dāng)于形容詞。其區(qū)分辦法如下：1．如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動作或句中有介詞by引導(dǎo)出動作的執(zhí)行者，該句一般為被動語態(tài)，否則為系表結(jié)構(gòu)。例如: :The glass is brok． 玻璃杯碎了。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）The glass was broken by the boy．玻璃杯被那男孩打碎了。（被動語態(tài)）2．如果句中有地點(diǎn)、頻率或時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，一般為被動語態(tài)。如：The magazine is published in Shanghai．這家雜志出版于上海。（被動語態(tài)）The door is locked． 門鎖著。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）The door has already/just been locked．門已經(jīng)/剛剛被鎖上。（被動語態(tài)）The shop is opened．這家商店開門了。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）The shop is opened at 8 ．這家商店每天上午八點(diǎn)開門。（被動語態(tài)3．被動語態(tài)除用于一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)外，還可以用于其他各種時(shí)態(tài)，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的系動詞be只有一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)。所以下列句子都是被動語態(tài)：The machine is being repaired． 機(jī)器正在修。A new school will be built here． 這里將要建一所新學(xué)校。十、用某些不及物動詞表示被動意義，如carry ,cut, drive, iron, keep, lock, open, pick, read, sell, shut, tear, wash, wear, write等等。這類動詞 既能作及物動詞，也能作不及物動詞。作不及物動詞時(shí)，形式上雖為主動，卻表示被動意義。例如：Meat cuts 。His novel sells 。The car drove 。Your pen writes quite 。在上述句子中，主語通常指物，起動作承受者的作用，也可以說是不及物動詞的邏輯賓語。但是有時(shí)也有用人稱主語的。例如：The girl does not photograph 。比較：The girl has not been photographed 。十一、某些感覺動詞的主動態(tài)表示被動意義。例如：This shirt feels much softer than that That book smells 。These oranges taste 。以上這些動詞都不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示。若用進(jìn)行時(shí)，則表示主動含義。比較：The child is smelling the 。十二、動詞get,e,go之后接過去分詞，表示被動意義。get的這種用法局限于口語和非正式的書面語言，更強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的結(jié)果而非動作本身，并常用來表示突發(fā)性的、出乎意料的偶然事件。而e和go常接含否定意義的過去分詞。例如：After working selflessly in here for several years, Mr Li got promoted at ，終于得到提升。They got delayed because of the holiday ，他們被耽誤了。The buttons on my coat came 。The woman”s plaints went 。十三、在need(want,require,deserve,etc.)doing句型 中，動名詞(doing)相當(dāng)于動詞不定式的被動式(to be done)，在意思上沒有多大差別。例如：The garden needs watering.The garden needs to be 。The problem requires studying with great care.The problem requires to be studied with great 。These jobs want doing at once.These jobs want to be done at 。用法相似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有bear doing, stand
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