【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 tioned Shen Nong in his book Cha Jing. The book describes how tea plants were grown and used to make tea. It also discusses where the finest tea leaves were produced and what kinds of water were used. It is believed that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during 6th and 7th centuries. In England, tea didn’t appear until around 1660. The tea trade from China to Western countries took place in the 19th century. Ⅱ . Grammar Focus. 1. 學(xué)生閱讀 Grammar Focus 中的句子，然后做填空練習(xí)。 ① 拉鏈?zhǔn)鞘裁磿r(shí)候被發(fā)明的？ ______ _____ the zipper ________? ② 它于 1893 年被發(fā)明。 It ______ _________ in 1893. ③ 它是由誰發(fā)明的？ ______ _____ it invented ______? ④ 它是由惠特科姆 ?賈得森發(fā)明的。 It _____ _______ _____ Whitb Judson. ⑤ 茶葉什么時(shí)候被帶到朝鮮去的？ _____ ______tea ________ to Korea? ⑥ 茶葉在六到七世紀(jì)之間被帶到朝鮮。 It _____ _______ to Korea ________the 6th and 7th centuries. ⑦ 熱冰淇淋勺用來做什么？ What ____ the hot icecream _____ _____? ⑧ 它用于挖很冷的冰淇淋。 It’s _____ ______ ______ really cold icecream. ⑨ 電話機(jī)在 1876 年被貝爾所發(fā)明。 The telephone _____ ________ _____ Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. ⑩ 貝爾于 1876 年發(fā)明了電話機(jī)。 Alexander Graham Bell _________ the telephone in 1876. 2. 學(xué)生們根據(jù)記憶，看大屏幕來完成填空練習(xí)。 3. 學(xué)生們完成填空試題后，可以打開課本檢查答案，對(duì)錯(cuò)誤的句子，單獨(dú)進(jìn) 行強(qiáng)化記憶。 Ⅲ . Grammar 一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 英語有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)則表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。如： We cleaned the classroom yesterday. 我們昨天打掃了教室。 (主動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語 we 是 clean 這一動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者 ) The classroom was cleaned yesterday. 教室昨天被打掃。 (被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語 the classroom 是 clean 這一動(dòng)作的承受者 ) 一、一般過去時(shí)被 動(dòng)語態(tài) 一般過去時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為 “主語 + was /were +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 (+by+動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者 ).”。如： Trees were planted last spring. 去年春天種了樹。 1. 肯定句： 主語 + was/were +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 + 其他 . Paper was invented by Chinese people two thousand years ago. 紙是中國(guó)人在二千多年前發(fā)明的。 2. 否定句： 主語 + was/were not +及物動(dòng) 詞的過去分詞 + 其他 . Women were not allowed to take part in the games at first. 開始婦女不允許參加奧運(yùn)會(huì)。 3. 一般疑問句： Was/Were +主語 +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 + 其他 ? Were these pictures drawn by your sister? 這些圖片是由你妹妹畫的嗎？ 二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法： 1. 不知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或沒有必要指出誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。 . English is spoken all over the world. 全世界都在說英語。 2. 需要突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者。 . This dictionary is used by most students. 這本字典是大多數(shù)學(xué)生在用的。 三 、主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的問題 1. 有些短語動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)介詞或副詞不能去掉。 They put off the meeting because of the weather. The meeting was put off because of the weather. 會(huì)議因天氣的緣故被推遲了。 2. 含有雙賓語的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，通常把指 “人 ”的間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，指 “物 ”的直接賓語保留不變；如果把指物 ”的直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，則在間接賓語前加 to 或 for。 My aunt gave me an edictionary yesterday. I was given an edictionary yesterday. An edictionary was given to me yesterday. 3. 主動(dòng)句中感官動(dòng)詞 see/hear/watch/feel等和使役動(dòng)詞 make/let/have 等后跟省略 to 的動(dòng)詞不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)加上不定式符號(hào) to。 I saw a heavy man enter the house. A heavy man was seen to enter the house. 4. 系動(dòng)詞、不及物動(dòng)詞或某些短語動(dòng)詞（ happen, take place, e true, fall asleep… ）沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 What happened to Mr. Brown? 布朗先生發(fā)生了什么事？ Ⅳ . Exercises 練一練 將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)。 1. He chose six story books the other day. Six story books _____ _______ by him the other day. 2. Uncle Lee gave Jack a large cake for he painted the wall wonderfully. Jack ______ _____ a large cake for he painted the wall wonderfully. 3. A mouse ate half of the cake last night. Half of the _____ ____ by a mouse last night. 將下列句子變?yōu)橹鲃?dòng)語態(tài)。 4. Were these machines invented by Edison? _______ Edison _______ these machines? 5. The post card was sent to Linda by Paul. Paul _______ the post card _______ Linda. 6. America was discovered by Columbus. _______ Columbus discovered _________? Ⅴ . Practice Work on 4a: 1. Tell Ss to read the sentences in 4a and rewrite the sentences using the passive voice. 2. 做題方法點(diǎn)撥示例： ① 點(diǎn)撥：原句為一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，原句的謂語動(dòng)詞為 sold，賓語為 the fridge；改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，應(yīng)將 the fridge 作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用 was sold 的形式。 They sold the fridge at a low price. → The fridge was sold at a low price. ② 點(diǎn)撥：分析原句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知， stole 是謂語動(dòng)詞， my camera 是句子的賓語；改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)句時(shí)，應(yīng)將 my camera 作句子主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用 was stolen 的形式。 Somebody stole my camera from my hotel room. → My camera was stolen from my hotel room. 學(xué)生們自主將其他三個(gè)句子變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 3. 最后，教師與同學(xué)們一起校對(duì)答案，并對(duì)學(xué)生們有疑問的地方進(jìn)行解釋，或做出合理的分析點(diǎn)撥。 Where were these photos taken? We were advised not to go out alone. The book was translated into different languages by different writers. Work on 4b: Complete the sentences with correct forms of the verbs in the box. 1. 讓學(xué)生們閱讀方框中的詞匯，了解詞匯及句子的意思，為進(jìn)行填詞做好準(zhǔn)備。 eat, like, invite, tell, lock, ring, break, bring 2. 認(rèn)真閱讀每個(gè)句子，根據(jù)上下文確定空格處應(yīng)填的意思。 3. 逐句進(jìn)行分析推敲，然后分析句子的時(shí)態(tài)及語態(tài)，用適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁铡? 1) You ____________ to the party last night, weren’t you? Why didn’t you go? 2) The earthquake happened all of a sudden, but luckily the villagers _____________ to a safe place. 3) The door ___________ when we arrived, so we ______ the bell. 4) The students ___________ not to eat or drink in class, but Ruby ______ the rule when she started eating a biscuit in science class. 5) The cookies __________ by the hungry kids in less than 20 minutes, and they really _____ them. 4. 最后，通讀一遍所有句子，進(jìn)行綜合理解，看句子的意思是否通順，合理。 5. Check the answers with the Ss. 1. were invited 2. were brought 3. was locked, rang (前一句中，門是被鎖的，故應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；后一句中，我們?nèi)グ撮T鈴，是主動(dòng)語態(tài)。 ) 4. were told, broke (前一句中，學(xué)生們是被告訴不要做這些事情，故應(yīng)用被動(dòng) 語態(tài)；后一句中， Ruby 違反規(guī)則，則是主動(dòng)語態(tài)。 ) 5. were eaten, liked (前一句中，餅干是被孩子們吃掉了，故應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；后一句中，孩子們喜歡這些餅干，則是主動(dòng)語態(tài)。 ) Ⅵ . Practice Work on 4c: Decide whether active or passive forms should be used in these sentences. Write the correct forms in the blanks. 1. 先通讀小短文，了解大意。 The telephone ______________ (invent) by Alexander Graham Bell. He __________ (born) in 1847. Mr. Bell ________ (work) on the invention of the telephone with Thomas Watson. In 1875, Mr. Bell _________ (learn) how to send musical notes through an instrument similar to a telephone. Finally, th