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least published minimums Aircraft in position to make normal landing Runway Environment in sight 14 CFR ? Section (f) Civil airport Takeoff minimums Do not apply to part 91 (not for hire) only 121, 125, 129, 135 (mercial operations) 2 engines or less 1 SM more than 2 engines 189。 SM Section (g) Military Airports ? Section (h) RVR visibility not mathematically equivalent, use legal chart! 14 CFR ? Section (i) Unpublished routes and radar vectoring for approaches Don’t descend until established on PUBLISHED route segment ? Section (j) Procedure turn limitations NO PT, Radar Vectors, timed approach from holding fix ? Section (k) ILS Components – Substitutions for ILS parts and pieces – Compass Locator may substitute for Outer or Middle Marker beacon, (however substitution not necessary for inoperative MM minimums do not change) 14 CFR ? Minimum Altitudes for IFR Operations ? Applicable minimums – Mountainous (2023’AGL / 4nm) – Other (1000’AGL / 4nm) – MEA / MOCA / 22nm ? Climb to higher minimum immediately, or MCA designated – (we’ll cover this in more detail in Enroute operations) 14 CFR ? IFR Cruising Altitude or Flight Level ? In controlled airspace –assigned by ATC ? In uncontrolled airspace –East/Odd West/Even –(don’t add 500 ft for IFR) –Above FL290 4000’ intervals 14 CFR ? Course To Be Flown ? IFR controlled airspace –on Federal airways stay on centerline –on any other route ?along direct course between nav aids or fixes ? Still allows for maneuvering and clearing turns 14 CFR ? IFR Radio Communications ? Mandatory reports ? Unforecast weather conditions ? Safety of flight ? Altitude and time passing each pulsory reporting point or if in radar contact requested reporting points – (we’ll cover this in more detail in Enroute operations) 14 CFR ? IFR Operations: TwoWay Radio Failure ? VMC: Continue VFR land as soon as practicable ? IMC –Route – AssignedRadar Vector Expect as Filed in Flight Plan –Altitude – Highest of: MinimumExpectAssigned –Leave clearance limit at EFC Time or ETA if no EFC (we’ll cover this in more detail in Emergency procedures) 14 CFR ? Operations under IFR in Controlled Airspace: Report any malfunctions of: – Navigational equipment – Approach equipment – Communication equipment ? Content of report … who you are –what broke how it affects your IFR capability assistance needed? ? (we’ll cover this in more detail in Emergency procedures)