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ir suppliers. The Japanese Just in Time (JIT) system is a perfect example of a wellexecuted supplier partnership program. 5. Problem prevention The fifth element is problem prevention. TQM focuses on the detection of potential problems before they occur. Failure to prevent defects has dangerous consequences: it will cost extra time and resources to inspect and fix. Undetected problems can even threaten an entire business. ISO 9000 certification of most manufacturing panies is a good manifestation of this thinking. Companies use an outside firm to verify that their operations are sound. Companies must design in quality before they provide a product or service. During the design phase of a product or service, it is vital for managers to have input from customers, marketing, assemblers, and final producers. 6. Adoption of an errorfree attitude The sixth element is the adoption of an errorfree attitude. This attitude prevents mistakes. Managers should encourage every employee not to simply finish a job but to finish it correctly as well. Zero defect programs adopted by most Japanese semiconductor and electronic panies are good examples of this element. 7. Accurate measurement Companies should ensure that performance is measured accurately, that is, based on factual data rather than assumptions. Managers can use such data to assess critical variables in the operational process. The statistic