工業(yè)工程導(dǎo)論制造系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)工程設(shè)計(jì)(編輯修改稿)
2025-07-22 14:58 本頁(yè)面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 入21世紀(jì) ， 現(xiàn)代制造模式的特點(diǎn)呈現(xiàn)為集成特性 、 快速響應(yīng) 、 以顧客為中心 、 滿意質(zhì)量以及綠色特性 。 現(xiàn)代制造系統(tǒng)模式為適應(yīng) 21世紀(jì)制造業(yè)的需要不斷發(fā)展 ， 其發(fā)展趨勢(shì)可用 “ 五化 ” 簡(jiǎn)要描述 ， 即集成化 、 全球化 、 網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息化 、 柔性化和綠色化 。 IE發(fā)展的時(shí)代特征 ?研究對(duì)象和應(yīng)用范圍逐步擴(kuò)大到整個(gè)生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)甚至網(wǎng)絡(luò)化制造系統(tǒng)，并日益注重用系統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)和系統(tǒng)工程方法來(lái)處理問(wèn)題； ?廣泛采用計(jì)算機(jī)強(qiáng)化信息的采集、處理、傳輸、開(kāi)發(fā)MIS與 DSS等計(jì)算機(jī)輔助管理系統(tǒng)和信息化、智能化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化制造系統(tǒng)； ?突出重視生產(chǎn)率和質(zhì)量的研究； ?努力實(shí)現(xiàn)不斷改善可持續(xù)發(fā)展和綜合創(chuàng)新這一現(xiàn)代 IE的本質(zhì)功能； ?重視人的作用、注重人與機(jī)器的最佳配合； ?重視形成面向問(wèn)題的適宜的 IE工作模式。 工業(yè)工程的基本方法 ?系統(tǒng)分析方法 ——解決“干什么” ?系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方法 ——解決“怎樣干” ?創(chuàng)造性技術(shù) ?系統(tǒng)圖表法 ?改進(jìn)時(shí)遵守的“ ECRS”四大原則 “ECRS”四大原則 ? E: Eliminate，取消。在經(jīng)過(guò)“ 5W1H”之后，若結(jié)論為不必要，則予以取消。 Case1: In a setup operation, adjustment typically took a large portion of the operator39。s time. But simple solutions can often be found to eliminate adjustment work. If die height was standardized so that setup was much simpler, then eliminate the adjustment process. The same idea may be applied in other areas such as eliminating horizontal adjustment by providing locator pins or standardizing bolt heads. “ECRS”四大原則 ? C: Combine，合并。對(duì)必要的工序、操作或動(dòng)作，則應(yīng)考慮能否通過(guò)合并達(dá)到省時(shí)簡(jiǎn)化的目的。 Case 2: To improve stamping（沖壓） capacity, a specially designed grabbing（抓） device (an iron hand) was installed to take the stamped part out of the machine quickly, utilizing the upward moving force of the machine. With this arrangement, the upward force, which in itself does not add value to the product, is now bined with the work of the iron hand. Since this device was designed to reach the part even before the upper die reached the highest point of its stroke, additional stamping capacity was gained. “ECRS”四大原則 ? R: Rearrange，重排。經(jīng)取消、合并后，可在根據(jù)“何人、何處、何時(shí)”三提問(wèn)進(jìn)行重排，制定最佳工作、操作和動(dòng)作順序。 Case 3: A machining operation used two machines, each handled by a different operator. Since each machine was highly automated, the operators39。 time was not well utilized. They spent most of their time watching the machine operation adding no value to the product. By moving the machines closer together and bining the work, one operator could run both machines and still produce the same total output. “ECRS”四大原則 ? S: Simplify，簡(jiǎn)化。最后可考慮能否采用最簡(jiǎn)單的方法與設(shè)備，以節(jié)省人力、時(shí)間和費(fèi)用。 Case 4: In an assembly operation, an operator was using two different parts for making two different products. Because the two parts were s
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