chap_17壟斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)(經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(yǔ))(編輯修改稿)
2025-03-10 13:50 本頁(yè)面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2023 by Harcourt, Inc. 壟斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng) 壟斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)之間有兩個(gè)值得注意的差別 —過(guò)剩生產(chǎn)能力 和 價(jià)格加成。 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2023 by Harcourt, Inc. Monopolistic versus Perfect Competition ? Excess Capacity ?There is no excess capacity in perfect petition in the long run. ?Free entry results in petitive firms producing at the point where average total cost is minimized, which is the efficient scale of the firm. ?There is excess capacity in monopolistic petition in the long run. ?In monopolistic petition, output is less than the efficient scale of perfect petition. Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2023 by Harcourt, Inc. 壟斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng) ? 過(guò)剩生產(chǎn)能力 ?在長(zhǎng)期中，完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)企業(yè)沒(méi)有過(guò)剩生產(chǎn)能力。 ?競(jìng)爭(zhēng)市場(chǎng)上的自由進(jìn)入使企業(yè)生產(chǎn)平均總成本最小的產(chǎn)量，即企業(yè)的有效規(guī)模產(chǎn)量。 ?在長(zhǎng)期中，壟斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)企業(yè)存在過(guò)剩生產(chǎn)能力。 ?壟斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)企業(yè)的產(chǎn)量低于完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的有效規(guī)模產(chǎn)量。 Figure 3 Monopolistic versus Perfect Competition Quantity 0 Price Demand (a) Monopolistically Competitive Firm Quantity 0 Price P = MC P = MR (demand curve) (b) Perfectly Competitive Firm MC ATC MC ATC MR Efficient scale P Quantity produced Quantity produced = Efficient scale Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2023 by Harcourt, Inc. 圖 3. 壟斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng) 產(chǎn)量 (a) 壟斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)企業(yè) (b) 完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)企業(yè) 產(chǎn)量 價(jià)格 P = MR (需求曲線(xiàn) ) MC ATC 價(jià)格 需求 MC ATC 過(guò)剩生產(chǎn)能力 生產(chǎn)量 有效規(guī)模 P = MC 產(chǎn)量 = 有效規(guī)模產(chǎn)量 P Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2023 by Harcourt, Inc. Monopolistic versus Perfect Competition ? Markup Over Marginal Cost ?For a petitive firm, price equals marginal cost. ?For a monopolistically petitive firm, price exceeds marginal cost. ?Because price exceeds marginal cost, an extra unit sold at the posted price means more profit for the monopolistically petitive firm. Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2023 by Harcourt, Inc. 壟斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng) ? 高于邊際成本的價(jià)格加成 ?對(duì)一個(gè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)，價(jià)格等于邊際成本。 ?對(duì)一個(gè)壟斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)，價(jià)格高于邊際成本 。 ?因?yàn)閴艛喔?jìng)爭(zhēng)企業(yè)的價(jià)格高于其邊際成本，以牌價(jià)多銷(xiāo)售出一個(gè)單位產(chǎn)品就意味著利潤(rùn)多了。 Figure 3 Monopolistic versus Perfect Competition Quantity 0 Price Demand (a) Monopolistically Competitive Firm Quantity 0 Price P = MC P = MR (demand curve) (b) Perfectly Competitive Firm Markup MC ATC MC ATC MR Marginal cost P Quantity produced Quantity produced Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2023 by Harcourt, Inc. 圖 3. 高于邊際成本的價(jià)格加成 產(chǎn)量 (a) 壟斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)企業(yè) (b) 完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)企業(yè) 產(chǎn)量 價(jià)格 P = MC P = MR (需求曲線(xiàn) ) MC ATC 生產(chǎn)量 價(jià)格 需求 邊際成本 MC ATC MR 價(jià)格加成 生產(chǎn)量 Figure 3 Monopolistic versus Perfect Competition Quantity 0 Price Demand (a) Monopolistically Competitive Firm Quantity 0 Price P = MC P = MR (demand curve) (b) Perfectly Competitive Firm Markup Excess capacity MC ATC MC ATC MR Marginal cost Efficient scale P Quantity produced Quantity produced = Efficient scale Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2023 by Harcourt, Inc. 圖 3. 壟斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng) 產(chǎn)量 (a) 壟斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)企業(yè) (b) 完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)企業(yè) 產(chǎn)量 價(jià)格 P = MR (需求曲線(xiàn) ) MC ATC 生產(chǎn)量 有效規(guī)模 價(jià)格 需求 MC ATC P = MC 過(guò)剩市場(chǎng)能力 邊際成本 價(jià)格加成 MR 生產(chǎn)量 = 有效規(guī)模 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2023 by Harcourt, Inc. Monopolistic Competition and the Welfare of Soc
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