第二章古典國際貿(mào)易理論(編輯修改稿)
2025-03-09 13:55 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 n No transport costs（沒有運(yùn)輸成本） . n No tariffs or other trade barriers（沒有貿(mào)易壁壘） .31湖南大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)與貿(mào)易學(xué)院 謝涓QCQWHome’s PPF: aLCQC+ aLwQw≤ L?當(dāng)本國完全生產(chǎn)布時(shí)， QC=L/aLC?當(dāng)本國完全生產(chǎn)小麥時(shí)， QW =L/aLWL/aLW L/aLCSlop of PPF(斜率 )： aLC / aLW?生產(chǎn)一單位布的機(jī)會(huì)成本是： QW /QC= aLC /aLW=32湖南大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)與貿(mào)易學(xué)院 謝涓Foreign’s PPF: a*LCQ*C+ a*LwQ*w≤ L*Q*CQ*WL*/a*LW L*/a*LCSlop of PPF*(斜率 )： a*LC / a*LW ?當(dāng)外國完全生產(chǎn)布時(shí)， Q*C=L*/a*LC?當(dāng)外國完全生產(chǎn)小麥時(shí)， Q*W =L*/a*LW?外國生產(chǎn)一單位布的機(jī)會(huì)成本是： Q*W /Q*C= a*LC /a*LW=33湖南大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)與貿(mào)易學(xué)院 謝涓opportunity cost relative price?In the autarky, both countries have to produce both goods for themselves.?Lets consider the wage of labor in both sectors： WC（工資率） =PC/ aLC 。 WW= PW /aLWThere must be WC = WW, because labor are perfectly mobile. So, PC/ aLC = PW /aLW → PC/PW = aLC/ aLW 34湖南大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)與貿(mào)易學(xué)院 謝涓PC/PW = aLC/ aLW? In a petitive autarky economy, only when the relative price of goods（ PC/PW） equal to the opportunity cost of goods （ aLC/ aLw） , will the labors produce both goods.? 在一個(gè)自由競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的封閉社會(huì)，只有當(dāng)兩種商品的相對(duì)價(jià)格等于它們的機(jī)會(huì)成本時(shí)，勞動(dòng)者才會(huì)同時(shí)生產(chǎn)這兩種商品。35湖南大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)與貿(mào)易學(xué)院 謝涓Relative Price Difference(相對(duì)價(jià)格差 )?本國布的相對(duì)價(jià)格 PC/PW ＝ aLC/ aLw?外國布的相對(duì)價(jià)格 P*C/P*W ＝ a*LC/ a*Lw?If there is relative price difference between the Home and the Foreign, international trade may happen.?如果本國布的相對(duì)價(jià)格 ＜ 外國布的相對(duì)價(jià)格 aLC/ aLw ＜ a*LC/ a*Lw?Home will has the parative advantage in Cloth.36湖南大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)與貿(mào)易學(xué)院 謝涓aLC/ aLw ＜ a*LC/ a*LwQCQWL/aLW L/aLCSlop ： aLC / aLWHomeQ*CQ*WL*/a*LW L*/a*LCSlop ： a*LC / a*LW Foreign?從圖形上直觀地看，當(dāng)本國 PPF斜率小于外國 PPF斜率（較平坦）時(shí)，本國在布生產(chǎn)上有比較優(yōu)勢(shì)。37湖南大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)與貿(mào)易學(xué)院 謝涓According to Ricardo’s Rule, each country should specialize in and export the product in which it has a parative advantage. (各個(gè)國家應(yīng)專業(yè)生產(chǎn)并出口那些他們具有比較優(yōu)勢(shì)的產(chǎn)品）In this case, Home should be specialized in production of cloth and Foreign should produce wheat. International Trade under the parative advantage 38湖南大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)與貿(mào)易學(xué)院 謝涓Determining the Relative Price after Trade布的世界相對(duì)價(jià)格， (PC/PW )w布的相對(duì)產(chǎn)量， QC/QC+WaLC/aLWa*LC/a*LW Side(Relative Supply):1). (PC/PW )w ＜ aLC/aLW ,no countries want to produce cloth.2). (PC/PW )w ＝ aLC/aLW ,Home indifference to both goods.3). aLC/aLW ＜ (PC/PW )w ＜ a*LC/a*LW , Home specialized in cloth, and Foreign specialized in wheat. 4). (PC/PW )w = a*LC/a*LW , Foreign indifference to both goods.5). (PC/PW )w ＞ a*LC/a*LW , both countries specialized in cloth.RSRDRD’39湖南大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)與貿(mào)易學(xué)院 謝涓Specializations Trade(專業(yè)化生產(chǎn)與國際貿(mào)易 ) ?The normal result of trade is that the relative price of a traded goods ended up somewhere in between its pretrade levels in the two countries.?aLC/ aLw ＜ (PC/PW)w＜ a*LC/ a*Lw40湖南大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)與貿(mào)易學(xué)院 謝涓Will the trade mutual beneficial?QCQWL/aLW L/aLCPretrade: aLC / aLWHome 貿(mào)易后的專業(yè)化
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