【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 e 2：? 大量證據(jù)表明，破裂家庭的子女出現(xiàn)情感、行為障礙或觸犯法律的可能性是完整家庭子女的 2～ 3 倍。? 范文 2： A large body of evidence proves that children from broken families are two or three times as likely as those in intact families to have emotional or behavioral problems or get into trouble with the law.? （二）、引用論證? 思路：引用 “科學(xué)證據(jù)、研究成果、學(xué)術(shù)刊物、統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù) ”? Sample ：?jiǎn)T工和雇主能否都獲益于 “在家上班 ”? 范文：? There is some incontrovertible to suggest that both employees and employers can benefit a lot from the growing trend of telemuting. According to a recent article published in the worldfamous Nature Journal, while the average telemuter can save a considerable portion of their travel expenses, it is estimated that their panies can cut operational costs by almost one third if 25% of the staff are allowed to work at home.?（三）、遞進(jìn)論證 Sample 1：科學(xué)研究應(yīng)由政府還是私人機(jī)構(gòu)開(kāi)展? 范文 1： ? There are many reasons for entrusting scientific research to the governments rather than private panies. [支持 1]To begin with, many largescale and longterm research projects require substantial funding that only national governments can afford. [支持 2]In the second place, firstrate scientists who enjoy international reputation are largely concentrated in governmentsponsored research institutions. [ 支 持 3]Lastly, since most private panies are profitorientated, the findings and conclusions from their research are more likely to be skewed or biased and even represent the interests of a small group.? 剖析：? 支持 1： 大型、長(zhǎng)期的研究項(xiàng)目需要大量的資金，通常只有政府有這樣的財(cái)力； ? 支持 2： 一流科學(xué)家大量集中在由政府資助的研究機(jī)構(gòu)中；? 支持 3： 私人機(jī)構(gòu)大都以利益為導(dǎo)向，故而得出的結(jié)果可能是歪曲或帶有偏見(jiàn)的，甚至代表? 某些小團(tuán)體的利益。? 注意：? 不要用 Last but not least，否則引起考官反感，直接用 Lastly 即可 !?（四）、對(duì)比論證? （ Comparison and Contrast）? 思路：? 正面思維枯竭時(shí)，可以換位思考（ “逆向思維 ”），通過(guò) A 烘托出 B 的優(yōu) /缺點(diǎn) ? 題目：探討老師應(yīng)該教會(huì)學(xué)生辯明是否？還是只負(fù)責(zé)課程教授而不管其他方面? 提綱：? 正面論述 1： 道德品質(zhì)的教育比知識(shí)更重要（遞進(jìn)法） ? 正面論述 2 ：良好的行為可以促進(jìn)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)步（遞進(jìn)法）? 正面論述 3 ：最新的研究證據(jù)表明：優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生往往兩面俱佳（引用法） ? 反面論述 1： 放棄道德行為的教育會(huì)產(chǎn)生許多問(wèn)題（對(duì)比法）? 范例：? ?., teaching students how to distinguish right from wrong is matter of utmost importance in education, especially during their formative years.【支持 1】 To begin with, such moral education is often regarded by most teachers as much more important than teaching them academic knowledge. 【支持 2】 In addition, being fully aware of the difference between right and wrong effectively improves their own behavior, which can in turn facilitate their learning process. 【支 持 3】 According to a recent study conducted by a team of Canadian researchers of University of Toronto, many top students in high school not only perform well academically, but they also generally show decent behavior in a consistent way.【反面論述 1】In sharp contrast, not providing young students with a proper moral education is a sure recipe for disaster because a number of serious problems may result from this failure.?（五）、因果認(rèn)證? (Cause and effect)? 思路：分為兩類? ① 講事物原因；? ② 事情結(jié)果。? 模板 1： Be 動(dòng)詞 + 過(guò)去分詞 + 介詞? be (directly) linked to …. ? be (strongly) related to … ? be (unquestionably) tied to… ? be (closely) connected with … ? be (largely) associated with … ? 模板 2：? as ? since ? due to ? owing to ? hence ? thus ? therefore ? as a consequence/result/consequently ? thereby:以此達(dá)到 ?目的 (不能用在句首 ,而且后面是加動(dòng)名詞 ) ?模板 3：?lead to ? (從句 ) ?give rise to ? (從句 ) ?contribute to ? (從句 ) ?result in ? (從句 ) ? 題目 1：生態(tài)問(wèn)題正在被惡化 ,因此 ,我們必須采取措施解決環(huán)境問(wèn)題 .? 范文 1：? The ecological problems are being aggravated。 therefore, it is imperative that we take measures to bat the pollution of the environment.? 題目 3： Many people use distancelearning programs (study material post, TV, Inter, etc) to study at home, but some think that it cannot bring as benefits as attending college or university. To what extent to you agree or disagree with this opinion?? 解析：屬于半支持半反對(duì)類型：? 主體段一：提出反對(duì)理由 寫(xiě) distance learning 的好處 (Benefits) ? 主體段二：提出支持理由 寫(xiě) distance learning 的壞處之一 (Problem1) ? 主體段三：提出支持理由 寫(xiě) distance learning 的壞處之二 (Problem2)? 范文 3： (主體段二 )? 【主題句】 Despite the convenience and relatively low cost of distance learning, it would be wise for us to consider it downside.【支持 1】 One of the biggest problems is that it cannot create an environment that is conducive to the students’ learning process, especially the muchneeded interaction with their professors and classmates.【支持 2】 This may result in a terrible sense of disconnection and even social isolation among the learners.【支持 3】 In parison, attending college or university is a more pleasant and exciting experience for young students as they can bine academic learning with a wide variety of social and extracurricular activities.? 備注：? 本段寫(xiě)作模式為 “1+3”，即一個(gè)主題句 +三個(gè)支持句。? 【主題句】以 despite 為引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句開(kāi)始，總結(jié)主體段一中分析的好處，可視為 “轉(zhuǎn)折法； ? 【支持 1】為 “遞進(jìn)法 ”；? 【支持 2】為 “指代法 ”+“因果法 ”；? 【支持 3】采用了 “對(duì)比法 ”。?（六）、指代法? 思路：用詞出現(xiàn) this, that, these, those, it, they, such 等代詞，與其他方法配合應(yīng)用 ? 模板 1：?This is clearly shown in the following example: ?.(從句 ) +舉例法? 題目 1：淡新聞報(bào)紙對(duì)人們思想的巨大影響→ 適用于傳媒 /網(wǎng)絡(luò)類話題? 范文 1：? When it es to how public opinion is formed, newspapers are unquestionably one of the strongest powers. This is clearly shown in the following example: many high school students in America who take the SAT are in the habit of citing articles from a wide variety of influential newspapers in their writing.? 模板 2： This has already been proved by the