【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 解人類獲取、整合與利用空間資訊模式，將可促進此類資訊的更有效利用，以及建立更符合實際需求的應用機制 (., aid for decision making) 2023APEC Workshop on eLearning and Digital Libraries Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. Dec. 1620 Spatial Representation in GIS ? Data Model ? Vector: explicit ?Basic elements: point, line and polygon ? Raster: implicit ? Geographic space is anized into partitions (layers) ? Spacedominant representations focus on the spatial arrangement of entities based on the geometric and thematic properties of these entities. ? Space is a neutral container ? Entities only exist when associated to a layer or theme ? Applied primarily in traditional mapping ? Layerbased raster and vector models ? Each layer is associated to a period or point in time ? Change or updatebased scenario ? Analysis based on similarity or dissimilarity between aggregations (layers) at different points of time 2023APEC Workshop on eLearning and Digital Libraries Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. Dec. 1620 Why Thinking in SpatioTempoal ways? ?Because the earth is running: It’s inplete to describe an events/object in spatial domain only. ?Learn from the past, and plan for (predict) the future. ?Characteristics of Space Time ?Importance ?To anize space over time 2023APEC Workshop on eLearning and Digital Libraries Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. Dec. 1620 Discover Knowledge from Geospatial Information ? Geospatial information means those geomaterials that are georeferenced and having welldocumented metadata ? Ref. Components of a digital object in digital archive ? Geospatial Content Based ? Feature Identification ? Feature parison: enhance the likelihood of relationships among features ? Feature interpretation: merge the identified features and their relationships with real world entity, by domain knowledge ? Linking to other resources that are related to this feature, this place and the time ? parsing the collected information from metadata or lexical analysis ? Demands ? Link spatiotemporal data analysis techniques to GIS Feature interpretation tools must provide connections between abstract representations of data, metadata that describe those data, an analyst’ s knowledge, and knowledge sources external to the data set being explored (., thru digital library) 2023APEC Workshop on eLearning and Digital Libraries Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. Dec. 1620 Discover Knowledge from Geospatial Information ? Def: Finding instances of identifiable features in spatiotemporal data ? Emphasis is on examining the distribution of data in all of its dimensions in an effort to notice any distinct object, regularity, anomaly, hot spot, etc. Feature Identification Example: Distribution of Tombs in Han Dynasty 2023APEC Workshop on eLearning and Digital Libraries Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. Dec. 1620 Integrated Support for Research 2023APEC Workshop on eLearning and Digital Libraries Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. Dec. 1620 WebGISbased System Architecture Maci ntos h PI CTimag e fo rmatis no t su ppo rted2023APEC Workshop on eLearning and Digital Libraries Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. Dec. 1620 Challenges of Geospatial Information Processing ?High threshold for general users ?Hard to find required geospatial content/service ?New retrieval technology for geospatial information ?Persistent metadata and archive ?Mechanism for effective management of huge volume of data set ?Efficient ways for digitization/vectorization of geospatial materials ?Integration with other information resources 2023APEC Workshop on eLearning and Digital Libraries Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. Dec. 1620 Discover Knowledge by SpaceTimeLanguage Coordinates ? Constructing the linkage among diversified archives thru language (vocabulary) ? Lingual coordinate has both spatial and temporal extents ?LingualTemporal Plane: evolution of language thru time ?LingualSpatial Plan: spatial distribution in dialect ? Multilingual support for digital archive ? Establishment of domainspecific controlled vocabulary sets, and serve as basis of ontology 2023APEC Workshop on eLearning and Digital Libraries Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. Dec. 1620 Discover Knowledge by SpaceTimeLanguage Coordinates Language Time Space 2023APEC Workshop on eLearning and Digital Libraries Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. Dec. 1620 Space, Time and Language Coordinates for Digital Archives Language Time Space Language in Time Historical GIS Language in Space Language in Text,