【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 r. The air resists the motion in the form of aerodynamic drag. Some airplanes use propellers for the propulsion system instead of jets. ? To control and maneuver the aircraft, smaller wings are located at the tail of the plane. The tail usually has a fixed horizontal piece (called the horizontal stabilizer) and a fixed vertical piece (called the vertical stabilizer). The stabilizers39。 job is to provide stability for the aircraft, to keep it flying straight. The vertical stabilizer keeps the nose of the plane from swinging from side to side, while the horizontal stabilizer prevents an upanddown motion of the nose. (On the Wright brother39。s first aircraft, the horizontal stabilizer was placed in front of the wings. Such a configuration is called a canard after the French word for duck). ? At the rear of the wings and stabilizers are small moving sections that are attached to the fixed sections by hinges. In the figure, these moving sections are colored brown. Changing the rear portion ? of a wing will change the amount of force that the wing produces. The ability to change forces gives us a means of controlling and maneuvering the airplane. The hinged part of the vertical stabilizer is called the rudder。 it is used to deflect the tail to the left and right as viewed from the front of the fuselage. The hinged part of the horizontal stabilizer is called the elevator。 it is used to deflect the tail up and down. The outboard hinged part of the wing is called the aileron。 it is used to roll the wings from side to side. Most airliners can also be rolled from side to side by using the spoilers. Spoilers are small plates that are used to disrupt the flow over the wing and to change the amount of force by decreasing the lift when the spoiler is deployed. ? The wings have additional hinged, rear sections near the body that are called flaps. Flaps are deployed downward on takeoff and landing to increase the amount of force produced by the wing. On some aircraft, the front part of the wing will also deflect. Slats are used at takeoff and landing to produce additional force. The spoilers are also used during landing to slow the plane down and to counteract the flaps when the aircraft is on the ground. The next time you fly on an airplane, notice how the wing shape changes during takeoff and landing. ? The fuselage or body of the airplane, holds all the pieces together. The pilots sit in the cockpit at the front of the fuselage. Passengers and cargo are carried in the rear of the fuselage. Some aircraft carry fuel in the fuselage。 others carry the fuel in the wings. ? As mentioned above, the aircraft configuration in the figure was chosen only as an example. Individual aircraft may be configured quite differently from this airliner. The Wright Brothers 1903 Flyer had pusher propellers and the elevators at the front of the aircraft. Fighter aircraft often have the jet engines buried inside the fuselage instead of in pods hung beneath the wings. Many fighter aircraft also bine the horizontal stabilizer and elevator into a single stabilator surface. There are many possible aircraft configurations, but any configuration must provide for the four forces needed for flight. Tools Technology in aircraft ? Aircraft munication systems — Satellite aircraft munication systems ? Aircraft environment controllers — Cabin management systems ? Aircraft escape or ejection systems — Emergency exit doors and windows。 ? Evacuation slides。 Slideraft packs。 Window exit escape ropes ? Aircraft fire control or extinguishing systems — Aircraft fire ? extinguishing systems ? Aircraft oxygen equipment — Chemical oxygen generators。 ? Portable oxygen bottles。 Protective breathing equipment。 Supplemental ? oxygen systems ? Cool containers — Refreshment carts。 Refrigeration units。 Storage partments ? Life vests or preservers — Flotation seat cushions。 Life preservers ? Lifeboats or liferafts — Emergency rafts。 Sliderafts A300 Airbus A300 The Airbus A300 is a short to mediumrange wide body aircraft. Launched in 1972 as the world39。s first twinengined wide body, it was the first product of the Airbus consortium of European aerospace panies, wholly owned today by EADS. The A300 ceased production in July 2023, along with the smaller A310. Freighter sales for which the A300 peted are to be fulfilled by a new A330200F derivative Airbus also developed three different versions of the plane. The first one was the A300600 Convertible that could be easily adjusted to carry passengers or cargo. This version hasn’t received any orders. A very popular version is the A300600F, a fully cargo version of the A300. This version can carry no passengers and has two cargo doors for quick load. It uses two General Electric CF680C2A5 equipped with FADEC system (look at Airbus A320 for more information). Simultaneously, airlines can also choose the Pratt Whitney PW4158. The aircraft made its first flight in December 2nd 1993. Federal Express placed an order for 25 A300600F with option for 50 more. Airbus also developed a “strange” version of A300, the A300600ST, a plane designed to replace the Aerospace lines Guppy that used to transfer the parts of the aircrafts from