【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 oday, nearly a decade later. The cessation of superPower rivals and military confrontation set in train a whole host of progressive changes within and among countries. At the same time, the international munity is still struggling with the adverse consequences of bipolarity’s collapse. The innerethnic conflicts that followed the breakup of several multiethnic States, whether in central Asia or the former Yugoslavia, are tragic cases in point. Some of the former proxy battlegrounds of the cold war in Asia and Africa continue to reel from instability. 1) Analysis of the original: A) Grammatical analysis: ? 1. Sentence structure： ? The selection consists of five sentences, and all of the sentences are simple in structure except for the fourth, which is a plex sentence, posed of a main clause and an attributive clause. ? 2. Additional plication ? In the first sentence, nearly a decade later is in apposition to today before it, serving grammatically as the appositive and functionally to explain when today is. In the second sentence, the phrase set in train means cause… to happen. The third sentence begins with a prepositional phrase while the fourth sentence has a parenthetic structure embedded, that is, whether in central Asia or the former Yugoslavia. B) Stylistic analysis: ? 1. Periodicity： ? The selection consists of five sentences, of which the first two and the very last are loose sentences while the two in the middle are periodic, for the beginning with a prepositional phrase and the insertion of a parenthetic structure respectively. However, at the end of the first sentence, there is a noun phrase serving as appositive to what goes before and adding plexity to the sentence structure. ? 2. Structural plication： ? The structure plication of the third sentence lies in its beginning with a prepositional phrase. And the fourth sentence contains a subordinate clause and a parenthetic structure. ? 3. Structural formality： ? All the sentences in the selection are formal in structure in that they are all grammatically plete and free from any colloquial structure. ? 4. Parallel structure： ? In the selection, parallel structures are frequently used, for example, superPower rivals and military confrontation。 within and among。 central Asia or the former Yugoslavia。 and Asia and Africa. ? 5. Lexical cohesive device： ? Examples could be identified as follows: superPower rivals is used as a specification for cold war。 international munity is used as a near synonym for the world。 cold war and multiethnic are repeated。 conflict is used as a near synonym for confrontation, and so on. ? 6. Lexical formality： ? Formal words, including nominalizations, can be found throughout the selection such as diverse, ramification, palpable, cessation, confrontation, bipolarity, progressive, adverse, and many others. ? C) Background knowledge: ? (1) The cold war refers to the cold war between the former Soviet Union and the United States。 ? (2) The super powers also refer to the former Soviet Union and the United States。 ? (3) Bipolarity refers to the two poles leading by the former Soviet Union and the United States. 2) Staged translation: ? A) Translation 1: ? 冷戰(zhàn)的結(jié)束的各種分支甚至在今天的世界也能感受得到，已經(jīng)快十年過去了。超級大國的競爭和軍事對抗的停止，使國家內(nèi)部和國家之間發(fā)生了一系列循序漸進(jìn)的變化，變化的安排是恰當(dāng)?shù)?。同時(shí)，國際大家庭仍然在同兩極對抗崩潰的壞的后果作斗爭。跟著幾個(gè)多民族國家的解體，內(nèi)部民族沖突，不管是在中亞還是在前南斯拉夫，都是悲劇的例子。在亞洲和非洲的某些從前的冷戰(zhàn)代理戰(zhàn)場由于不穩(wěn)定仍在繼續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。 ? Comments: ? The above is basically a wordforword translation though some of the prepositional phrases are fronted in the translating process according to Chinese norms. Consequently, improper structuring and wording can be found here and there. For example, 已經(jīng)快十年過去了 is inappropriately placed at the end of the sentence and is necessary to be transpositioned。 變化的安排是恰當(dāng)?shù)?is employed as the translation of set in train, which sounds exotic and may probably be a mistranslation。 the puzzling expression of某些從前的冷戰(zhàn)代理戰(zhàn)場由于不穩(wěn)定仍在繼續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn) , puzzling for its exotiess, should be retranslated. ? B) Translation 2: ? 將近十年過去了，冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后的各種分化瓦解，在今天的世界上仍然可以感覺得到。超級大國之間的競爭和軍事對抗的停止，使國家內(nèi)部和國家之間發(fā)生了一系列循序漸進(jìn)的有利變化。同時(shí)，國際社會仍然在同兩極對抗崩潰后的負(fù)面影響作斗爭。隨著某些多民族國家的解體，國內(nèi)的民族對立，無論是在中亞還是在前南斯拉夫，都是悲劇的例子。在亞洲和非洲某些從前的冷戰(zhàn)次戰(zhàn)場由于不穩(wěn)定仍然危機(jī)四伏。 ? Comments: ? Improvements are made on the first translation when將近十年過去了 is transpositioned。 變化的安排是恰當(dāng)?shù)?and某些從前的冷戰(zhàn)代理戰(zhàn)場由于不穩(wěn)定仍在繼續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn) are retranslated, and so on. Consequently, all the structural problems are solved and the translation is improved in terms of authenticity, coherence and readability. However, there is still much room for further improvement. ? C) Translation 3: ? 隨著冷戰(zhàn)的結(jié)束，各種力量分崩離析，將近十年過去了，其影響在今天的世界上仍難以消除。超級大國停止了競爭和軍事對抗，促使國家內(nèi)部和國家之間發(fā)生了許多有利的變化。盡管如此，國際社會仍然在同兩極對抗崩潰后的負(fù)面影響作斗爭。某些多民族國家解體之后，國內(nèi)發(fā)生民族對抗，無論是在中亞還是在前南斯拉夫，都是悲劇。在亞洲和非洲，某些從前冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期的第二戰(zhàn)場，由于兩級對抗崩潰了，力量均衡打破了，依舊危機(jī)四伏。 ? Comments: ? The present translation is characterized by the frequent use of verbs for nouns and of the explication technique to bring out the implied meanings of the original, for example, 都是悲劇性的 。 冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期的第二戰(zhàn)場 。 由于兩極對抗崩潰了，力量均衡打破了 , 依舊危機(jī)四伏 , etc. In addition, 盡管如此 is now employed to translate at the same time, a choice made in accordance with the context rather than with the original wording. ? 4 States that were held together by their perceived strategic utility to one side or the other in some instances have suffered gravely as a result。 this was true, for example, in the Horn of Africa earlier in the decade, and most recently in the former Zaire. The help of all States, especially those that played leading roles in cold war, is necessary to undo its remaining social, economic and political distortions. 1) Analysis of the original: A) Grammatical analysis: ? 1. Sentence structure： ? The selection consists of two sentences, of which the first is a p