【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 4, 28） A. me go B. me going C. I go D. I going解析：A。let是使役動(dòng)詞，用不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，即let sb. do 。3）You don’t mind ______ you Xiao Li, do you? （《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》（B）Test 3, 31）A. call B. to call C. to calling D. my calling解析：D。mind后面只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。4）Charles regretted ______ the TV set last year. The price has now e down. （《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》（B）Test 3, 33）A. buying B. to buy C. of D. from解析：A。regret后既可用動(dòng)名詞，也可用不定式，前者表后悔做了某事（動(dòng)作已做了），后者則表為要去做某事遺憾（動(dòng)作還沒(méi)有做）。根據(jù)題意思，應(yīng)選A。5）There was so much noise in the classroom that the teacher couldn’t make himself _______. （《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》（B）Test 4, 41） A. heard B. hearing C. to hear D. hear解析：A。賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞。6）Do you know the man ______ under the apple tree? （《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》（B）Test 2, 31）A. lay B. lain C. lying D. laying解析：C。lie（lay, lain, lying）“平躺，位于”；lie（lied, lied, lying）“撒謊”；lay（laid, laid, laying）“放置”。根據(jù)題意，應(yīng)該用“平躺”之意。分詞表示的動(dòng)作與其修飾的詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞，所以選C。7）_______ tomorrow’s lessons, Frank has no time to go out with his friends. （《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》（B）Test 5, 45） A. Not preparing B. Not having prepared C. Not to prepare D. Being not prepared解析：B。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定形式都是在最前邊加not，排除D。由于“還沒(méi)有完成對(duì)明天功課的準(zhǔn)備”，因此“不能跟朋友外出玩?！?，根據(jù)句意，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成性，用完成式。（八）主要情態(tài)動(dòng)詞A. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示能力、允許、許諾、可能、必須、勸告、意愿等概念或態(tài)度。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)人稱(chēng)變化，在句子中和動(dòng)詞原形一起組成謂語(yǔ)。常用的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有must，can，be able to，need，shall, should（ought to）, could，would。B. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后接完成時(shí)的用法1．must＋have done：這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示對(duì)過(guò)去一個(gè)動(dòng)作比較有把握的猜測(cè)。. The ground was very wet. It must have rained during the night.2．should (ought to )+have done：這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示本來(lái)應(yīng)該做卻沒(méi)有做的事情。. I’m sorry I am late, I should have gotten up earlier. 我很抱歉我遲到了，我本應(yīng)早點(diǎn)兒起床的。3．could＋have done：這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示本來(lái)能做的事情而沒(méi)有做。. Catherine could have bought that coat, but she chose to lend the money to a needy friend. 凱瑟琳本來(lái)可以買(mǎi)那件大衣的，但是她把錢(qián)借給一個(gè)更急需的朋友了。4．need not + have done: 這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示本來(lái)沒(méi)有必要做的事情卻做了。. You need not have done the 。C. 例題講解1）The young lady ing over to us ______ our English teacher。 the way she walks tells us that! （《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》（B）Test 1, 42）A. must be B. can be C. would be D. could be解析：A。從后面的進(jìn)一步解釋中我們可以看到說(shuō)話人語(yǔ)氣十分肯定，表示對(duì)……很有把握的推測(cè)。2）You ______ buy some reference books when you go to college. （《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》（B）Test 3, 27）A. could B. will have to C. must to D. might解析：B。could與might與題意不符。must表示“主觀要求必須做某事”，have to則表示“客觀情況要求不得不做某事”。根據(jù)題意，選B最恰當(dāng)。3）He didn’t pass the final examination. He ______ it. （《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》（B）Test 3, 28）A. must have prepared for B. ought to prepare forC. ought to have prepared for D. ought to prepare for解析：C。此題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+完成式?！皁ught to+完成式”表示過(guò)去本應(yīng)該做卻沒(méi)有做。 （九）動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)A. 知識(shí)要點(diǎn)1．動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的承受者。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式：be+過(guò)去分詞。. Such stories are published for children.. The TV was turned on and everybody sat there, watching it. 2．英語(yǔ)中的一些感官動(dòng)詞如see, watch, notice, hear和使役動(dòng)詞make, have, let +不帶to的不定式(do sth.), 但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中to則不能少。3．在need, want, require等及物動(dòng)詞后面接動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式可以表示被動(dòng)含義。. My hair needs 。B．例題講解1）Every year thousands of lives ______ in road accidents because of careless driving. （《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》（B）Test 1, 41）A. lose B. lost C. have lost D. are lost解析：C。因?yàn)槭敲恳荒?，所以句子用現(xiàn)在時(shí)；生命被奪走，所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 2）After the Minister of Education had finished speaking at the press conference, he was made ______ all sorts of awkward questions. （《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》（B）Test 3, 40）A. answer B. answering C. answered D. to answer解析：D。題項(xiàng)中將make sb. do sth.（讓某人干某事）轉(zhuǎn)換成了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) sb. was made to do sth.（某人被讓干某時(shí)），因此to不能少。3）My watch has been losing time for the past week. It probably needs ______.A. cleaning B. to clean C. cleaned D. to be cleaning解析：A。need+動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式（cleaning）可以表被動(dòng)含義。（十） 虛擬語(yǔ)氣A．虛擬語(yǔ)氣是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式，用來(lái)表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望和假想虛擬的情況，考試中以虛擬語(yǔ)氣為考點(diǎn)的試題也不算少，大家應(yīng)該盡量掌握。B．知識(shí)要點(diǎn)1．虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示對(duì)不可能發(fā)生的事實(shí)的一種假設(shè)；或?qū)σ呀?jīng)發(fā)生過(guò)的事實(shí)進(jìn)行一種相反情況的假設(shè)； 時(shí) 間從句謂語(yǔ)形式主句謂語(yǔ)形式虛擬現(xiàn)在時(shí)（與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（be一般用were)should (would, could,might )+動(dòng)詞原形虛擬過(guò)去時(shí)（與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反）had doneshould (would, could,might )+have done虛擬將來(lái)時(shí)（與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反） 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式should+動(dòng)詞原形were to+動(dòng)詞原形should (would, could,might )+動(dòng)詞原形 2．虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在表示要求、命令、建議語(yǔ)氣的詞引導(dǎo)的從句中：（1）用在動(dòng)詞suggest（建議）, order（命令）, insist（堅(jiān)持）, require（需要）, demand（要求），propose（提議）等引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句以及它們相應(yīng)的名詞suggestion, order, insistence, demand, proposal 后面的表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)要用“（should）+動(dòng)詞原形” . He suggested that we（should）start now. 他建議我們現(xiàn)在就開(kāi)始。. My suggestion is that we（should）send a few people to help the other 。（2） 用在“It +be+ natural（necessary，strange，important，essential以及insisted，suggested， ordered）+that…”結(jié)構(gòu)中的that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句以及它們相應(yīng)的名詞（引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)從句中；從句的謂語(yǔ)用“（should）+動(dòng)詞原形”. It’s necessary that you should be present at the meeting. 你有必要參加會(huì)議。3．虛擬語(yǔ)氣運(yùn)用其他從句中：（1）運(yùn)用在wish后面的從句中表示“愿望”，運(yùn)用在as if從句中表示“好像”，謂語(yǔ)形式：用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式虛擬現(xiàn)在的情況；用過(guò)去完成式虛擬過(guò)去的情況；用would（或might）+動(dòng)詞原形虛擬將來(lái)的情況。I wish I knew the answer. 但愿我知道答案。It is wished that he had not made the 。 The old lady is quarrelling with others as if she were ，就好像她瘋了一樣。（3）運(yùn)用在would rather后面的從句中 表示“希望”，用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式虛擬現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的情況，用過(guò)去完成式虛擬過(guò)去的情況。 . I’d rather I had seen the film. 我真希望我看過(guò)這部電影。（4）運(yùn)用在It is (high) time后邊的從句中　 表示“該干……的時(shí)間到了”，用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式或should+動(dòng)詞原形。. It is time that we had/should have a 。C．例題講解1）Had you e five minutes earlier, you ______ the train to Birmingham. But now you missed it. （《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》（B）Test 1, 43）A. would catch B. would have caught C. could catch D. should catch解析：B。虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法，這里是對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情虛擬，用“if從句+had e，主句+would have caught”。此題前面的從句省略了if，所以根據(jù)句法要求倒裝，將had提前到句首。2）The dean of the Philosophy Department requested that the visiting scholar ______ a lecture on the philosopher Sartre. （《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》（B）Test 3, 39）A. gave B. give C. would give D. had given解析：B。request（要求）后面的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“（should）+動(dòng)詞原形”。3）I wish everybody _______ the meeting tomorrow. （《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》（B）Test 4, 36） A. will