【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 yesterday. “曾經(jīng)到過某地（人已回來）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（還未回來）”用“have/has gone to”.例如：——Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the readingroom.——She knows a lot about Shanghai.－She has been there. （即瞬間動詞），join, lose, buy, borrow, leave, go, e, arrive, die, marry, finish, plete, begin, start, break out等，在完成時態(tài)中，其肯定式不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用。例如不能說：He has finished the work for three “他已完成工作三小時了?！笨刹捎?）“ago法”：He finished the work three hours ）“延續(xù)法”：He has been through(with)the work for three ）“since法”：It is/has been three hours since he finished the work.四、現(xiàn)在完成進行時 （或今后還要繼續(xù)一去）的動作。例如：He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00./ It has been raining for two days. 。五、一般過去時 表達特定的過去時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀況，或過去某一時間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復發(fā)生的動作或行為。六、過去進行時 （這一過去時間須用時間狀語表示）。例如：He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday. 。例如：They were still working when I left. 。例如：I was writing while he was watching TV. 。例如：He said she was arriving the next day.七、過去完成時 。例如：He had shut the door before the dog came up./ Everything had been all right up till this morning. ，甚至還要繼續(xù)下去。例如：At the age of ten, he had learned 500 English words. He had been ill for a week when we learned about it. , expect, think, intend, want, suppose等動詞的過去完成時來表示未實現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。例如：We had expected that you would be able to win the match.八、一般將來時 一般將來時表示將來要發(fā)生的動作和存在的狀況。有下列一些形式： （側(cè)重將來行為，不突出計劃安排去做某事） going to do (主觀上打算或客觀上可能發(fā)生) doing (按計劃將要發(fā)生，常和表示最近的將來時間連用) about to do (按計劃即將發(fā)生)九、將來完成時用來表示在將來某個時刻（前）將完成的動作。常和by短語，when, before引起的時間狀語連用。例如：We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.被動語態(tài)一、被動語態(tài)的句型 ：主語（受動者）＋be＋過去分詞＋（by＋施動者） 例如：He was scolded by the English teacher. ＋get＋過去分詞＋其它成分例如：The boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because of her faults.注意：使用這種結(jié)構(gòu)不能帶有“by＋施動者”（直接賓語和間接賓語）的主動句變?yōu)閯泳洌渲髡Z可以是直接賓語，也可以是間接賓語。例如：She lent me a bike.174。被動：1）I was lent a bike(by her). 2）A bike was lent to me(by her). ＋be＋過去分詞例如：This problem must be worked out in half an hour. ：主語＋被動式謂語＋不定式的被動式＋其它成分例如；These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the readingroom./The murderer was ordered to be shot.二、主動表示被動的幾種情況 ，用以表示主語的品質(zhì)和狀態(tài)。常見動詞是：cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等。例如：This knife cuts 。These books sell 。The pen writes 。Meat won’t keep long in such hot 。The cloth washes 。＋形容詞。常見動look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out等。例如：The apples taste good./The flower smells wonderful./The news proved/turned out true./Cotton feels soft.注：prove也可用于被動式，如：His answer(was) proved right. ，且與主語有動賓關系。常見形容詞有：hard, difficult, easy, heavy, fit, good, fortable, convenient, impossible等。例如：The problem is easy to do./The question is difficult to answer./The box is heavy to carry./The project is impossible to plete in a ：The problem is to be done./The question is to be ，雖然不定式與主語是動賓關系，但必須用被動式。三、容易誤用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況： teach myself is taught 。 help each other/one other/One another is helped by 。 lost was lost by heart, make a face,