【正文】 表示所說的“是什么”或“是誰”。它在句首。2. 謂語—說明主語“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么樣”。謂語和主語在人稱和數(shù)兩方面必須一致。3. 表語—表語說明主語“是什么”或者“怎么樣”，由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、不定式及相當于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語來擔任。*注意區(qū)別：My job is teaching.(teaching 為表語) 與 I am teaching now.(am teaching 為謂語)4.5. 狀語—狀語用來修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞。狀語一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語、不定式或相當于形容詞的詞或短語等都可以擔任定語。簡單句、并列句、復合句1. 簡單句句型：主語+謂語只包含一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，而句子的各個結(jié)構(gòu)都只由單詞或短語表示。并列句中的各簡單句意義同等重要，相互之間沒有從屬關(guān)系，是平行并列的關(guān)系。聯(lián)合關(guān)系：常用的連詞有and, not only…but(also), neither…nor等。Eg. He got up very early, (and) yet he failed to catch the morning train. We played outside till sunset, when it began to rain. She is tired, (but) still she will make another test.*yet 和still是連接副詞，又叫半連接句。選擇關(guān)系：常用的連詞有or（或者，還是，否則），otherwise, or else, either…or等。Eg. He studied hard, thus he succeeded in passing the exam. The Frenchman coughed loudly, so he decided to go and get some medicine for it.*for 表示附加或推斷的理由、原因。3. 復合句句型：主句+連詞+從句；或連詞+從句+主句（包含一個主句、一個或一個以上的從句，或只包含一個從句，但有兩個或兩個以上的主句的句子叫復合句。 ,時間、條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。例如：There goes the 。Here she 。He is working as a teacher 。，描繪更加生動。The sun is rising in the 。常見的有：exist, live, understand, mean, owe, belong to, know, doubt, suppose, remember, forget,believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。例如：I have finished the report./ She has cleaned the room. ，待續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，往往和“for…”, “since…”表述的一段時間狀語連用。例如：She has cleaned the room. It’s very clean now.(此句has ，二是因為一般過去時不可突然跳到It’s…這樣的一般現(xiàn)在時。）但是如果是在特定的過去時間“看了”、“做過”，就不可用完成時而必須用一般過去進來表達。)不能說：When have you seen that film? I have seen it yesterday. “曾經(jīng)到過某地（人已回來）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（還未回來）”用“have/has gone to”.例如：——Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the readingroom.——She knows a lot about Shanghai.－She has been there. （即瞬間動詞），join, lose, buy, borrow, leave, go, e, arrive, die, marry, finish, plete, begin, start, break out等，在完成時態(tài)中，其肯定式不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用?！笨刹捎?）“ago法”：He finished the work three hours ）“延續(xù)法”：He has been through(with)the work for three ）“since法”：It is/has been three hours since he finished the work.四、現(xiàn)在完成進行時 （或今后還要繼續(xù)一去）的動作。五、一般過去時 表達特定的過去時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀況，或過去某一時間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復發(fā)生的動作或行為。例如：He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday. 。例如：I was writing while he was watching TV. 。例如：He had shut the door before the dog came up./ Everything had been all right up till this morning. ，甚至還要繼續(xù)下去。例如：We had expected that you would be able to win the match.八、一般將來時 一般將來時表示將來要發(fā)生的動作和存在的狀況。常和by短語，when, before引起的時間狀語連用。例如：She lent me a bike.174。常見動詞是：cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等。These books sell 。Meat won’t keep long in such hot 。＋形容詞。例如：The apples taste good./The flower smells wonderful./The news proved/turned out true./Cotton feels soft.注：prove也可用于被動式，如：His answer(was) proved right. ，且與主語有動賓關(guān)系。例如：The problem is easy to do./The question is difficult to answer./The box is heavy to carry./The project is impossible to plete in a ：The problem is to be done./The question is to be ，雖然不定式與主語是動賓關(guān)系，但必須用被動式。 help each other