chapter-5-polysemy-and-homonymy(編輯修改稿)
2024-09-12 00:54 本頁(yè)面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 Prophet ? Rein。 reign ? Rode ? Wrap ? Wring ? Reed ? Sale ? See ? scene ? See ? Sew ? Seam ? Son ? Steal ? Sear ? Sight ? Soar ? Some ? stair ? Sea ? So ? Seem ? Sun ? Steel ? Seer ? Site ? Sore ? Sum ? stare homograph / heteronym 同形異義詞 ? Homographs/heteronyms are different words identical in spelling, but different in sound or meaning. ? Eg. ? Bow ? She wears a bow in her hair. ? Bow to the audience at the end. ? close ? Please close the door. ? She sat close to him. ? content ? The content of the talk is simple. ? I am content to just stay home. ? convert ? She is a convert to exercise. ? She will convert the machine. ? digest ? You will digest your food in time. ? I never read Reader?s Digest. Rhetoric features of homonyms 修辭特征 ? As homonyms are identical in sound or spelling, particularly homophones, they are often employed to create puns for desired effect of, say, humor, sarcasm or ridicule. ? 1)． ? King： … my cousin Hamlet， and my son… ， how is it that the clouds still hang on you？ ? Hamlet： Not so， my lord， I am too much in the sun． ? Shakespeare： (Hamlet） ? 國(guó)王：侄兒哈姆雷特，我的兒啊 …… 怎么回事，你還是滿臉陰霾？ ? 哈姆雷特：不見得，陛下，我是陽光曬得夠了。 ? son（兒子）和 sun（太陽）是同音詞。 Hamlet對(duì)叔父稱自己為兒子極為反感，但他又不能鋒芒畢露，回答 “ too much in the sun（ son） ” ，既可以表示 “ 陽光（ sun）曬得足夠 ” ，又可暗示 “ 屈作兒子（ son）太久 ” 。此處的 雙關(guān) 語表現(xiàn)了他壓抑已久的憤懣。 ? 2)． ? “ Mine is a long and a sad tale！ ” said the Mouse，turning to Alice and sighing． ? “ It is a long tail， certainly， ” said Alice， looking down with wonder at the Mouse?s tail； “ but why do you call it sad？ ” （ L． Caroll： Alice39。s Adventures in Wonderland） ? 3) ? ?You?re not eating your fish,? the waitress said to him. ?Anything wrong with it?? ? ?Long time no sea,? the man replied. ? Criticize in a humorous way the bad quality of the sea food ? 4) ? ?On Sunday they pray for you and on Monday they prey on you.? ? a sardonic tone ? Prey: plunder or rob, here refers to exploit the working people like ferocious animals preying on their victims III. How to differentiate polysemy from perfect homonymy? ? The fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants lies in the fact that: ? Homonyms refer to different lexemes (詞位 )which have the same form. ? Polysemants refer to the one and same lexeme which has several distinguishable meanings. ? Two criterion: ? a) “etymology” ? Homonyms are descendants of different sources ? A polysemant is a word of the same source which has acquired different meanings in the course of development. ? b) “semantic relatedness” ? Meanings of different homonyms have nothing to do with one another. ? The several meanings of a single polysemous lexeme are related and can be traced back to one central meaning. ? In dictionary, a polysemant has its meanings all listed under one headword whereas homonyms are listed as separate entries. ? Etymological doubl
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