英語(yǔ)是誰(shuí)的語(yǔ)言(編輯修改稿)
2024-09-01 16:20 本頁(yè)面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 g to learn English.那么中國(guó)的崛起是否能讓漢語(yǔ)成為世界語(yǔ)言呢？這是有可能的?！盎叵胍磺昵埃l(shuí)能預(yù)見(jiàn)到拉丁語(yǔ)的消亡呢？” 克里斯特爾問(wèn)道。但他表示，目前還幾乎沒(méi)有這種跡象。中國(guó)人正在爭(zhēng)先恐后地學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。Mr Graddol agrees that we are unlikely to see English challenged in our lifetime. Once a lingua franca is established, it takes a long time to shift. Latin may be disappearing but it remained the language of science for generations and was used by the Roman Catholic church well into the 20th century.葛拉多爾同意，在我們這一代，可能還不會(huì)看到英語(yǔ)的地位受到挑戰(zhàn)。通用語(yǔ)言一旦形成，它的地位就不會(huì)在短時(shí)間內(nèi)受到撼動(dòng)。拉丁語(yǔ)也許正在消亡，但它在很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間里都是科學(xué)界的通用語(yǔ)言，在進(jìn)入20世紀(jì)很多年之后，羅馬天主教還在使用拉丁文。As for English fragmenting, Mr Graddol argues it has already happened. “There are many Englishes that you and I wouldn39。t understand,” he says. World Englishes, a recent book by Andy Kirkpatrick, professor at the Hong Kong Institute of Education, gives some examples. An Indian teenager39。s journal contains this entry: “Two rival groups are out to have fun . . . you know generally indulge in dhamal [a type of dance] and pass time. So, what do they do? Pick on a bechaara bakra [poor goat] who has entered college.” Prof Kirkpatrick also provides this sample of Nigerian pidgin English: “Monkey de work, baboon dey chop” (Monkeys work, baboons eat).至于英語(yǔ)的分化，葛拉多爾認(rèn)為，這一過(guò)程已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了?！坝泻芏喾N英語(yǔ)都是你我所不能理解的，”他表示。香港教育學(xué)院(Hong Kong Institute of Education)教授安迪?科克帕里克(Andy Kirkpatrick)在最近出版的新書《世界英語(yǔ)》(World Englishes)中列舉了一些例子。一個(gè)印度青少年刊物里有這樣一段話：“兩個(gè)對(duì)立的團(tuán)體出去玩……你知道，他們一般都沉浸在dhamal（一種舞蹈）里消磨時(shí)間。那么他們做什么呢？作弄一只進(jìn)了大學(xué)的bechaara bakra（可憐的山羊）?！笨瓶伺晾锟私淌谶€提供了一個(gè)尼日利亞混雜英語(yǔ)的例子：“Monkey de work, baboon dey chop”（猴子工作，狒狒吃東西）。It is unlikely, however, that this fragmentation will lead to the disappearance of English as a language understood around the world. It is mon for speakers of English to switch from one or other variantto a use of language more appropriate for work, school or international munication. Mr Crystal says modern munication through television, film and the internet means the world is likely to hold on to an English that is widely understood.然而，這種分化不大可能導(dǎo)致作為全世界都理解的語(yǔ)言——英語(yǔ)的消失。對(duì)于英語(yǔ)使用者來(lái)說(shuō)，從一種或另一種變化轉(zhuǎn)向更適合工作、學(xué)校或是國(guó)際交往的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用，這種做法很常見(jiàn)?？死锼固貭柋硎荆娨?、電影和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等現(xiàn)代溝通方式意味著，這個(gè)世界可能會(huì)堅(jiān)持使用一種可以被廣泛理解的英語(yǔ)。The issue is: whose English will it be? Nonnative speakers now outnumber native Englishspeakers by three to one. As hundreds of millions more learn the language, that imbalance will grow. Mr Graddol says the majority of encounters in English today take place between nonnative speakers. Indeed, he adds, many business meetings held in English appear to run more smoothly when there are no native Englishspeakers present.問(wèn)題在于：它將是誰(shuí)的英語(yǔ)？目前，在講英語(yǔ)的人中，非英語(yǔ)母語(yǔ)人士和英語(yǔ)母語(yǔ)人士的比例是3比1。隨著數(shù)以億計(jì)的人開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)這種語(yǔ)言，這種不均衡將得到進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)。葛拉多爾表示，如今大多數(shù)英語(yǔ)交流發(fā)生在非英語(yǔ)母語(yǔ)人士之間。事實(shí)上，他補(bǔ)充道，很多用英語(yǔ)召開(kāi)的商業(yè)會(huì)議在沒(méi)有英語(yǔ)母語(yǔ)人士在場(chǎng)時(shí)似乎運(yùn)作得更加平穩(wěn)。Native speakers are often poor at ensuring that they are understood in international discussions. They tend to think they need to avoid longer words, when prehension problems are more often caused by their use of colloquial and metaphorical English.在國(guó)際討論中，英語(yǔ)母語(yǔ)人士常常不能確保別人能明白自己的意思。他們往往認(rèn)為自己需要避免使用長(zhǎng)單詞，而實(shí)際上，理解問(wèn)題更多地是由他們使用口語(yǔ)和比喻造成的。Barbara Seidlhofer, professor of English and applied linguistics at the University of Vienna, says relief at the absence of native
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