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kidney Suprarenal Gland ?Endocrine gland ?T11 level ?Right is triangular ?Left is semilunar Left right anterior superior stomach liver inferior tail of pancreas amp。 spleen vessel posterior diaphragm diaphragm medial abdominal aorta Inferior vena cava Relation Artery of Adrenal Gland Veins of adrenal gland ? Left suprarenal vein, into the left renal vein ? Right suprarenal vein, into the inferior vena cava incision Anterior transperitoneal approach Posterior retroperitoneal approach A 55yearold woman was found rolling on her kitchen floor, crying out from agonizing pain in her abdomen. The pain came in waves and extended from the right loin to the groin and to the front of the right thigh. An anteroposterior radiograph of the abdomen revealed a calculus in the right ureter. Case A a. What causes the pain when a ureteral calculus is present? b. Why is the pain felt in such an e