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春節(jié)習(xí)俗英文表達(dá)(編輯修改稿)

2025-09-01 08:07 本頁(yè)面
 

【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 nd yang)與五行(the five elements of Chinese astrology)也用來(lái)描述一個(gè)具體年份。很多人混淆了他的農(nóng)歷生年(Chinese birthyear)和公歷生年(Gregorian birthyear)。有些算命的人(sign calculators)也會(huì)混淆農(nóng)歷和陽(yáng)歷。12年形成一個(gè)屬相(animal zodiac)循環(huán)(cycle);60年形成一個(gè)綜合循環(huán)。十二屬相(zodiac animal signs)包括:鼠(rat)、牛(ox)、虎(tiger)、兔(rabbit)、龍(dragon)、蛇(snake)、馬(horse)、羊(ram/sheep)、猴(monkey)、雞(rooster)、狗(dog)與豬(pig)。春節(jié)在很多國(guó)家和地區(qū)(countries and territories)都是公共假期(public holiday),包括中國(guó)大陸、中國(guó)臺(tái)灣、中國(guó)香港、中國(guó)澳門、馬來(lái)西亞、新加坡、文萊(Brunei)、印度尼西亞和菲律賓。還有一些國(guó)家以其它方式紀(jì)念中國(guó)春節(jié),包括澳大利亞、加拿大、法國(guó)、新西蘭和美國(guó)等。在正式假期(official holiday)前后,慶?;顒?dòng)(celebrations/festivities)一直在進(jìn)行。各國(guó)對(duì)春節(jié)規(guī)定的法定假期(statutory holiday)長(zhǎng)短不一。春節(jié)期間的慶?;顒?dòng)中最重要的是拜訪親朋好友(visits to kin, relatives and friends),即‘拜年(newyear visits)’。青年人(juniors)和孩子(children)可以從已婚者(the married)和長(zhǎng)輩(the elders)那里拿到紅包(red packets/envelope)。紅包也叫壓歲錢,是從‘壓祟錢(the money used to suppress or put down the evil spirits)’發(fā)展而來(lái)。錢數(shù)應(yīng)為偶數(shù)(even numbers),因?yàn)槠鏀?shù)(odd numbers)不吉利。數(shù)字4被認(rèn)為不吉利,因?yàn)楹汀馈簦╝ homophone with death);數(shù)字8吉利,因?yàn)楹汀l(fā)(wealth)’同音?;ベ?zèng)禮物(gift exchange)也是人們之間常有的事兒。春節(jié)前一般要徹底打掃衛(wèi)生(a thorough cleaning),以掃掉前一年的壞運(yùn)氣(to sweep away the bad luck of the preceding year)并迎接好運(yùn)(to be ready for good luck)。房間要用帶有吉利話(auspicious phrases)的剪紙(paper cutouts)和春聯(lián)(couplets)進(jìn)行裝飾。信佛(Buddhism)和信道(Taoism)的人會(huì)將神壇(altar)與塑像(statues)清理干凈。某些地區(qū)的人會(huì)有‘送神(sending the God home)’的儀式。灶王爺(Kitchen God)的紙人(paper effigy)會(huì)被燒掉以便讓他去向玉帝(Jade Emperor)匯報(bào)這家人的好事(good deeds)和劣跡(transgressions)。除夕最大的事兒就是吃團(tuán)圓飯(reunion dinner),與西方的圣誕晚餐(Christmas dinner)的重要性類似。年夜飯上往往會(huì)有魚(yú),但某些地區(qū)的人不吃它,留到第二天,以示‘年年有余(May there be surpluses every year),因?yàn)樵跐h語(yǔ)中‘魚(yú)(fish)’與‘余(surplus)’同音。在北方(northern China),習(xí)慣上一定會(huì)在飯后開(kāi)始包餃子(dumpling/jiaozi)并在午夜(around midnight)煮食。餃子象征財(cái)富(wealth),因?yàn)樗庑蜗胥y錠(Chinese tael)。在南方(southern China),通常要做年糕(niangao/new year cake)。它的漢語(yǔ)發(fā)音表示越來(lái)越富有(increasingly prosperous)?,F(xiàn)代的人們有時(shí)會(huì)進(jìn)行倒計(jì)時(shí)(countdown)來(lái)迎接春節(jié)。從上世紀(jì)八十年代開(kāi)始,中國(guó)中央電視臺(tái)春節(jié)聯(lián)歡晚會(huì)(CCTV New Year39。s Gala)會(huì)在每年的春節(jié)到來(lái)前開(kāi)始播出。鞭炮(firecrackers)和焰火(fireworks)也是制造節(jié)日氣氛的重要工具,不過(guò)在很多城市被禁放(banned)以防止火災(zāi)(fire hazards)。政府會(huì)組織大型焰火(largescale fireworks)燃放來(lái)慶祝節(jié)日。初一從‘接神(weling the deities of the heavens and earth)’開(kāi)始,隨后就是拜年等活動(dòng)。初二是已婚婦女回娘家(for married daughters to visit their birth families/parents)的日子。有些人認(rèn)為初三、初四不適合拜年,而適合上墳(gravevisiting)。初五被認(rèn)為是財(cái)神爺(god of wealth/fortune god)的生日。正月十五要吃元宵(rice dumplings: a sweet glutinous rice ball brewed in a soup)。戶外還要燃起蠟燭(candles)以引領(lǐng)游魂(wayward spirits)回到自己的家。人們也會(huì)提著點(diǎn)燃的燈籠(lighted lanterns)逛街。春節(jié)期間也有一些令局外人困惑的迷信(superstitious beliefs)或者傳統(tǒng)文化觀念(traditional cultural beliefs)。比如貼紅菱形紙(red diamondshaped poster)的‘福(auspiciousness)’字。它常常被倒著貼(hanging upside down),因?yàn)闈h語(yǔ)的‘倒(upside down)’與‘到(arrive)’是同音字(homophones)。金元寶(yuanbao ingots)象征財(cái)富。除了春聯(lián),年畫(New Year pictures)、中國(guó)結(jié)(Chinese knots)、剪紙(papercutting)等都用來(lái)增加氣氛。舞龍(dragon dance)和舞獅(lion dance)也是人們慶祝春節(jié)的傳統(tǒng)活動(dòng)。人們打招呼會(huì)說(shuō)一些吉祥話,如‘新年快樂(lè)(Happy New Year)’、‘恭喜發(fā)財(cái)(Congratulations and be prosperous)’、‘歲歲平安(Everlasting peace year after year)’等。The Spring Festival is the most important festival for the Chinese people and is when all family members get together,春節(jié)是我國(guó)民間最重要的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日,這是一家團(tuán)聚的時(shí)刻,just like Christmas in the West.就像西方的圣誕節(jié)一樣.It originated in the Shang Dynasty from the people39。s sacrifices to gods and ancestors春節(jié)起源于殷商時(shí)期祭神祭祖活動(dòng),at the end of an old year and the beginning of a new one.在辭舊迎新之際。During the last ten days before Spring Festival,在春節(jié)前最后十天,store owners are busy as everybody goes out to purchase necessities for the New Year.大小商鋪生意興隆,因?yàn)槿藗兌济τ谥媚曦洝aterials not only include edible oil, rice, poultry, fish and meat, but also fruit, candies and all kinds of nuts.年貨包括油、米、雞、鴨
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