【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 美國密歇根大學(xué)，建于 1817 年。3. Princeton University：美國普林斯頓大學(xué)，建于 1746 年。4. Congress: 美國國會，美國最高立法機關(guān)，由參議院（Senate）和眾議院（House ofRepresentatives）組成。5. …was shelved：......被束之高閣。6. spent nuclear fuel：也叫做 used nuclear fuel，一般譯為“乏核燃料”。7. highlevel nuclear waste：高（強度）放（射性）核廢物。8. geological repositories in a variety of rock types：各種不同巖層中的地質(zhì)處置 庫。geological repositories 指的是地表以下 300～1500 米的穩(wěn)定的地質(zhì)體中建造的 用于最終處置高放廢物和乏核燃料的工程設(shè)施。處置庫是一個多重屏障系統(tǒng)，工程屏障 由廢物體、廢物罐、外包裝和緩沖回填材料組成，而天然屏障則是能有效阻滯放射性核 素遷移的地質(zhì)體，包括花崗巖、粘土巖、凝灰?guī)r和巖鹽等。許多專家認為地質(zhì)處置是安 全的，技術(shù)上是可行的，對環(huán)境是無害的。練習(xí)：1. Which of the following words can best substitute the word withdrawal in the first paragraph?A Retirement. B Canceling. C Replaced. D Disposal.2. According to Rodney Ewing and Frand von Hippel, where to locate nuclear facilitiesA should be approved by the federal government.B should be approved by local people and states. C should be approved by Congress.D is not an important issue.3. What is NOT true about the 1987 decision by Congress concerning siting of nuclear waste disposal?A Yucca Mountain was selected as the only site for a nuclear waste repository.B The selection of Yucca Mountain for nuclear waste disposal caused much controversy.C The decision by Congress was put aside due to a number of problems. D The decision by Congress was accepted by local munities.4. What does the author of the essay in the fourth paragraph want to say?A Efforts should be made to solve the problems of transportation of nuclear waste over long distance.B Efforts should be made to develop as many nuclear disposal sites in theUS as possible.C Efforts should be made to develop nuclear disposal sites to suit the circumstances of the region.D Efforts should be made to build up temporary nuclear disposal sites as possible.5. What is meant by regional approach as mentioned in the last paragraph?A Waste disposal sites are located close to reactors and in places suitable for the regional circumstances.B Geological repositories are located in a variety of rock types.C Spent nuclear fuel and high –level nuclear waste is moved to developing countries.D Waste disposal sites are located far away from reactors.答案與題解：1. B withdrawal 是個多義詞，在句子中的意思是“撤銷”或“中止”。2. B 第二段中提到的兩個科學(xué)家認為，聯(lián)邦政府可以設(shè)定核設(shè)備的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，以及頒發(fā)許可 證，但是州政府或地方政府在選址問題上應(yīng)該有最終決定權(quán)。3. D 第三段的第一個句子包含了 A、B 和 C 所述內(nèi)容。4. C 盡管第四段提到了尤卡山的確存在長距離運送核廢料的問題，但不是這段的主要內(nèi) 容，所以 A 不是正確選擇。作者說，要在全國東西南北各地區(qū)建造核廢料處置庫，但沒 有說要盡量多的建造，所以 B 也不是正確選擇。作者想表達的意思是，要在全國各地區(qū) 建造核廢料處置庫，但州政府必須根據(jù)地方特殊情況制定方案，包括最后一句中所說的 “靠近核反應(yīng)堆”的臨時處置庫。所以，C 是正確的。D 也不是作者的意思。5. A This regional approach 的意思是：地域性方法，指的是前一段中所表述的內(nèi)容， 即，地方政府應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮當(dāng)?shù)氐奶厥猸h(huán)境，對核廢物的處置地選擇負責(zé)。B、C 和 D 的表述 內(nèi)容都是錯誤理解。﹡第38篇 Night1 of the Living AntsWhen an ant dies, other ants move the dead insect out of the nest. This behavior is interesting to scientists, who wonder how ants know for sure – and so soonthat another ant is dead.DongHwan Choe, a scientist at the University of California2 found that Argentine3 ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants, I39。m dead take me away.But there39。s a twist to Choe39。s discovery4. These ants are a little bit like zombies. Choe says that the living ants not just the dead ones have this death chemical. In other words, while an ant crawls around, perhaps in a piic or home, it39。s telling other ants that it39。s dead5.What keeps ants from hauling away the living dead? Choe found that Argentine ants have two additional chemicals on their bodies, and these tell nearby ants something like, wait I39。m not dead yet. So Choe39。s research turned up6 two sets of chemical signals in ants: one says, I39。m dead, the other set says, I39。m not dead yet.Other scientists have tried to figure out how ants know when another ant is dead. If an ant is knocked unconscious, other ants leave it alone until it wakes up. That means ants know that unmoving ants can still be alive.Choe suspects that when an Argentine ant dies, the chemical that says Wait I39。m not dead yet quickly goes away. Once that chemical is gone, only the one that says I39。m dead is left. It39。s because the dead ant no longer smells like a living ant that it gets carded to the graveyard, not because its body releases new unique chemicals after death, said Choe. When other ants detect the dead chemical without the not dead yet chemical, they haul away the body. This was Choe39。s hypothesis.To test his hypothesis, Choe and his team put different chemicals on Argentine ant pupae. When the scientists used the I39。m dead chemical, other ants quickly hauled the treated pupae7 away. When the scientists used the Wait I39。m not dead yet chemicals, other ants left the treated pupae alone. Choe believes this behavior shows that the not dead yet chemicals override the dead chemical when picked up by adult ants. And that when an ant dies, the not dead yet chemicals fade away. Other nearby ants then detect the remaining dead chemical and remove the body from the nest.詞匯：Zombie n 還魂尸，僵尸 Pupa Graveyard hypothesis override ，比……更重要注釋：1. night：night 是個多義詞，其比喻意義是“死亡”，即本篇短文標(biāo)題中該詞的意思。標(biāo) 題是用了逆喻的修辭手法。2. the University of California：加利福尼亞大學(xué)，位于美國西部的公立高等學(xué)校系統(tǒng) ，目前擁有10所大學(xué)，包括加州大學(xué)伯克利分校（Berkeley）、洛杉磯分校（ Los Angeles）、 圣地亞哥分校（San Diego）、圣克魯茲分校（Santa Cruz）等。3. Argentine：阿根廷，位于南美洲的國家。4. But there39。s a twist to Choe39。s ，Choe 又有了新的出乎意料的發(fā)現(xiàn)。 Twist 有“出人意料的變化”的意思。5. 本句 it39。s telling other ants that it39。s dead 中兩個 it 指代前面爬行中的螞蟻，也 就是下段第一句中的 the living dead。6. turned up：發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到。7. treated pupae：經(jīng)過處理的蛹，即被科學(xué)家涂抹上化學(xué)藥劑的蛹。練習(xí)：1. What is meant by death chemical mentioned in paragraph 3?A A chemical that contains poison. B A chemical that causes death.C A chemical that announces death. D A chemical that prevents death.2. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the question What keeps ants from hauling away the living dead? (paragraph 4)?A How do ants know what is to be hauled away from the dead ants?B What prevents ants