【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 itions^ customs or taboos might die out over time. It seems that in some countries, the locals have bee more accustomed to exotic cultures. It reflects the bined effects of the invasion of foreign cultures, either through media or through direct business interaction. For example, two decades ago, sex was a taboo subject in China and most Chinese people felt embarrassed to talk openly about it. Over time the Western culture has permeated into the Chinese lifestyle, and the Chinese people have broken many of their timehonoured traditions. It occurs in the rest of the world as well.As outlined above, increased interaction between countries in the domains of business and culture can either strengthen or undermine the identities of countries involved, To date there is no definite answer to this question.近義詞表1. conspicuousnoticeable=prominent=striking:顯箸的，突出的2. connection=linkage= relation=relationship:關(guān)系，聯(lián)系 3. demise=disappearance=vanishing=fading:消失，死亡4. multiple=manifold=numerous=various=many:不同的，很多的 5. disgrace=dishonour=shame=humiliation:恥辱6. life force=soul=essence：生命力 7. conservation=protection=preservation:保存，保護(hù)8. exotic=bizarre=outlandish=from afar=mysteriously unusual: 外來(lái)的，奇異的9. taboo=offensive=embarrassing=unacceptable=disgraceful=dishonourable=humiliating:無(wú)禮的，侮辱性的；忌諱的10. permeate=seep into=pervade=leak into:滲透 11. timehonoured=ageold=longestablished ：歷史悠久的12. interaction=interplay=munication=relationship:相互作用Topic 4: Some people believe that culture will be ruined if it is used to earn tourism revenue, but others consider that tourism is the only way of protecting a culture. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.旅游業(yè)有益文化保護(hù)（cultural preservation)的論點(diǎn)：? 除了自然景觀（landscape)之外，文化和歷史是吸引旅游者去一個(gè)國(guó)家或者一個(gè)旅游景點(diǎn) (tourism site)觀光的最主要原因（motivator)。旅游業(yè)和文化遺產(chǎn)相結(jié)合（integrate tourism and cultural heritage)為文化保護(hù)提供了經(jīng)濟(jì)支持（economic incentives）；? 在文化領(lǐng)域提供一些旅游選擇(introduce the tourism options available with the cultural sectors)， 如博物館、歷史景點(diǎn)、美食等（including museums, historical sites, events and cuisine), 游客會(huì)深人了解當(dāng)?shù)貍鹘y(tǒng)和習(xí)俗（get an insight into local customs and traditions),感受當(dāng)?shù)貍?統(tǒng)和藝術(shù)（experience local traditions, arts and heritage),從而更加尊重當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)和周?chē)沫h(huán)境 (respect the host munity and its environment),促進(jìn)不同國(guó)家之間關(guān)于自然和文化資源保護(hù)的交流與對(duì)話(huà)(the dialogue over conservation of natural and cultural resources )0 一旅游業(yè)導(dǎo)致文化破壞cultural destruction )的觀點(diǎn)：? 保護(hù)的一般是食物、時(shí)尚、節(jié)日等（preserve food, fashion, festivals and so forth）—些文化的表 面一，征（superficial elements of a culture）, ；|各文化定格成表演者（freeze culture as performers）, 導(dǎo)致了文化、宗教、傳統(tǒng)儀式、物質(zhì)文化和語(yǔ)言的損失（the loss of culture, religion, rituals, material culture and language）；將文化商業(yè)化(mercialize the culture),破壞了文化神圣和 獨(dú)特的本質(zhì)(erode the sacred and unique nature)；雖然很多活動(dòng)是娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)（entertain, rather than educate tourists),但有些是對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)厝说囊环N羞辱(humiliate the local people)；? 垃圾、涂鴉、破壞和噪音不斷增加（increasing litter, graffiti, vandalism and noise)，游客在沒(méi)有 被允許的情況下進(jìn)人建筑物、神殿、神圣的土地（enter buildings, shrines or sacred lands without permission).這都與當(dāng)?shù)匚幕鄾_突，是一種文化侮辱（an insult to the local culture )范文There is little room for doubt that tourism is one of the fastestgrowing industries in the world. However, its impact on culture remains a source of constant debate. This essay will elaborate on both positive and negative effects of tourism from a cultural perspective.Providing economic incentives for cultural preservation is unarguably one of the main contributions of tourism. To many tourists, culture and history are what they first consider when choosing a destination. Their mindset has been recognised by many tourism sites and money has been subsequently directed toward cultural protection, including the maintenance of key historical sites. Tourism is therefore one of the primary forces contributing to the preservation of a culture.In addition to raising financing, tourism can make an indigenous culture known to the world and rally support worldwide to protect it. When a historic site or a site that shows a country39。s cultural heritage is made accessible to the public, visitors from all over the world will soon flock there. They will share their experience in the local culture with their friends and families once they return home, assisting this site to gain international fame. Both financial and technological support will flood in for the conservation of natural and cultural resources.On the negative side, tourism develops sometimes at the expense of part of culture. Food, festivals, costumes and other stimulating elements of a culture are highlighted to entertain tourists, constituting an insult to the locals and causing damage to the unique nature of a culture. Moreover, cultural mercialization has made the sacred elements of a culture monplace and tourists are encouraged to attach little importance to a unique tradition, which cannot be found elsewhere.In the light of these facts, one can conclude that tourism is neither a boon nor a bane to cultural preservation. While its endeavour lo protect an indigenous culture should be recognized, it has put the integrity of a culture at risk.近義詞表1. unarguably= unquestionably =indisputably=undeniably:無(wú)可置提地，無(wú)可否認(rèn)地2. destination=site=place:地點(diǎn) 3. maintenance=preservation=upholding=protection:保護(hù)，保存4. indigenous=original=aboriginal：本土的，原始的 5. fame=reputation=recognition=eminence:名氣，名聲6. at the expense of=at the cost of:以犧牲…為前提 7. entertain=amuse=keep somebody amused:使愉快8. insult=offence:侮辱 9. monplace=ordinary: 平凡的10. in the light of=in view of=considering=taking into account:考慮到11. endeavour=effort=attempt:努力，嘗試 12. integrity=entirety=unity:完整性13. put at risk=endanger=jeopardise:危及，使…危險(xiǎn)政府投資政府的投資主要有以下用途：? 國(guó)防（defense):保護(hù)一個(gè)國(guó)家免受攻擊或者其他威脅（Protect a country against attack or other threats.)；? 保證法律和公共秩序的實(shí)施（enforcement of law and public order)以及政府的運(yùn)作（operation of government)；? 社會(huì)保障（social security)和醫(yī)療保?。╤ealth care systems)；? 福利 (welfare):為那些不能夠自給自足的人（people who are unable to support themselves alone)提供經(jīng)濟(jì)援助(fin