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動詞加ed和ing規(guī)則(編輯修改稿)

2024-08-30 01:25 本頁面
 

【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV. ⒉動名詞作賓語 ①以下動詞后,只能接動名詞作賓語,如:admit,appreciate,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,keep,imag ine,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk,save,suggest,don39。t mind,give up,insist,on, put off等。如: I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town. You must give up smoking, for it does too much harm toyour health. ②動名詞作介詞的賓語 I should go to attend the birthday celebration instead of staying at home. What about inviting Li Jun to make a speech? 動名詞前的介詞有時可以省略,如:have difficulty(in)doing,have no trouble(in)doing,lose no ti me(in)doing,prevent/stop…(from)doing,there is no use(in)doing等。 ⒊部分動詞后面,既可接動詞不定式,也可接動名詞作賓語,意義不變。如:begin,continue,start,hat e,like,love,need,require,want等。 在need,require,want后接ing形式,表示被動意義,也可接不定式,但要用被動形式,如:Your handwr iting needs improving(tobe improved). hate,love,like接不定式表示特定的未來事件,接動名詞表示目前 正在進行的活動或一般的行為。 在下列情況下,一般要用不定式: ①hate,like,love前有would(should)時,如:I39。d like to have a cup of coffee. ②當(dāng)謂語動詞begin,continue,start等是進行式時,如:Thestudents are starting to work on the di fficult maths problem. ③begin,continue,start與know,understand等狀態(tài)動詞連用時,如:I soon began to understand what was happening. ⒋advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等動詞后接動名詞作賓語,或帶不定式作賓語補足語。如: Our teachers don39。t permit our swimming in the lake. Our teachers don39。t permit us to swim in the lake. ⒌部分動詞后接不定式或動名詞時,意義差別較大,應(yīng)根據(jù)句子語境選擇使用。 ①forget,remember,regret后接不定式,表示現(xiàn)在或未來的動作,接動名詞表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。如: Don39。t forget fo post the letter for me. Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport? Remember to close the windows before you leave. I remember writing him a letter a year ago. We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited toattend the meeting. They regretted ordering these books from abroad. ②mean to do 打算做某事 doing 意味著…… I meant to catch up with the early bus. This means wasting a lot of money. ③try to do 設(shè)法盡力做某事 doing 試著做某事 You should try to overe your shortings. Try working out the physics problem in another way. ④stop to do 停下一件事去做另一件事(不定式作目的狀語) doing 停止做某事 On the way to the airport,I stopped to buy a paper. You39。d better stop arguing and do as you are told. ⑤can39。t help doing 禁不住…… to do不能幫助干…… They couldn39。t help jumping up at the news. Sorry I have lots of work to I can39。t help to make up the room for you. ⑥go on to do 做不同的事或不同內(nèi)容的事 doing 繼續(xù)不停地做某事,指同一動作的繼續(xù) He went on to talk about world 。 We39。ll go on fighting so long as there is oppression inthe world. ⑦leave off to do 離開某地去干什么(目的狀語) doing停下某事 It39。s time to leave off talking and to start acting. They left off to go fishing. 三、做表語 不定式作表語表示具體動作或?qū)韯幼?;動名詞作表語表示抽象的一般行為。 ①To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. ②My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties ofthe matter. ③What I would suggest is to put off the meeting. 當(dāng)主語和表語都是不定式時,其含義一是條件,一是結(jié)果(例①)。當(dāng)主語是aim,duty,hope,idea,mista ke,plan,purpose,suggestion等為中心詞的名詞詞組(例②)時,或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性分句(例③),不定 式說明主語的內(nèi)容。 ④Our work is serving the people. ⑤What he likes is taking a walk after supper. ⑥The story told by is interesting. ④⑤句動名詞作表語,與主語部分可以轉(zhuǎn)換,如Serving thepeople is out work,而⑥句中是現(xiàn)在分詞作 表語,說明主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài),現(xiàn)在分詞具有形容詞的各種特征,另外,動名詞作表語還應(yīng)與進行時態(tài)區(qū)別開 來。 四、作定語 ⒈不定式作定語 不定式在句中作定語,置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。如: ①The next train to arrive is from Washington. ②Have you anything to be taken to your sister? ③Do you have anything to say on the question? ④Would you please give me some paper to write on? ⑤My wish to visit France has e true at last. 不定式短語作定語和被修飾詞之間表示以下關(guān)系: (1)表示將來的動作(例①)。 (2)與被修飾詞之間有動賓關(guān)系,如是不及物動詞,則需加介詞(例④)。 (3)與被修飾詞之間有動賓關(guān)系,同時與句中其它詞之間又有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時,盡管有被動含義,卻仍 用主動語態(tài)(例③);如只有動賓關(guān)系,而無邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,則需用被動語態(tài)(例②)。 (4)不定式作定語時,一般可轉(zhuǎn)換為定語從句,例①to arrive=that will arrive。 ⒉動名詞作定語 ①This passage can be used as listening materials. ②The reading room of our school library can hold 800people. ③All moving bodies have energy. ①②句動名詞作定語說明一種性能,即:用來……的;第③句為現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,單個分詞作定語常置于 被修飾詞之前,與被修飾詞之間,可構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,分詞短語作定語常置于被修飾詞之后。如:The man standing at the school gate is Professor Hua. 五、不定式作補足語 ⒈作賓語補足語 一些及物動詞除要求按賓語外,有時還需要有賓語補足語,說明賓語的行為、狀態(tài)、特征,這時意思才相 對完整。 (1)常要求不定式作賓補的動詞有:allow,ask,advise,beg,cause,drive(強迫),encourage,expect,fo rbid,force,get,would like(love,hate),order,permit,persuade,teach,tell,want,warn,wish等。如: ①Would you like me to give your regards to Mary? ②I want you to understand the whole passage clearly. (2)部分動詞后常接to be+形容詞、名詞短語等形式,有時to be可省略,如:believe,consider,discov er,find(=consider),feel(=think),imagine,judge,know,prove,think,suppose,see(=understand),understa nd等。 ①We all believe John(to be)honest. ②I consider him(to be)one of the best biology teachers of No. 1 Middle School. 但當(dāng)不定式是完成式時,to不能省略,如:We consider him tohave been foolish. (3)感覺動詞和使役動詞后用作賓補的不定式須省略to。 ①I didn39。t hear anyone say anything about it. ②They make the students do too much homework every day. 這種句式在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,to不能省略,如第②句:Thestudents are made to do too much homework every day. (4)help,know后面的to可有可無。如: Would you please help me(to) fill in the taxform? I39。ve never known her(to)be late :He was known to have been to France before. (5)部分短語動詞后,常接不定式作賓補,如: You may depend on them to be there early. The Party calls on us to increase production and practise economy. 常這樣用的短語動詞有:ask for,care
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