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e missing papers.上述for除look后均可換為after,look for意為“尋找”,look after意為“照顧、照料”。試比較:a.I39。m looking for my watch.b.I39。ll look after his children.a(chǎn)sk for表示“懇求、請求”之意。注意以下幾點:①當表示“要求某物”時用ask for sth.,當表示“要求某物被如何”時,用ask for sth.to be done。a.The beggar asked for a loaf of bread.b.He asked for the door to be shut.②表示“向某人要求某物”時,用ask sb.for sth.。Don39。t e and ask me for money so often.③如欲表示“要求某人做某事”用ask sb.to do sth.。Ask him to do it for you.a(chǎn)sk after意為“問候、問安”。apply to sb.for sth.意為“向某人請求某物”。a.He is applying for an appointment.b.We shall apply to friends for help.beg與ask的用法相同。pray的常用句型為:pray for sth.,pray to God/sb.for sth.,pray for peace,pray for pardon。a.He prayed to God for help.b.The peasants are praying for rain.for還可表示“勞心、勞力”的目的,常和work,labour,toil (辛勞工作),read,study,struggle,strive,pete,contend,contest,try,scramble等動詞連用。strive for liberty,try for a prize,strive for the truth,struggle for influence/power,strive for mastery,contend for a prize,pete for custom,scramble for seats。a.He labours for the happiness of mankind.b.Some toil for money,some for fame.c.We must strive for independence and liberty.for還可表示“準備”的目的,如prepare for,make preparation for (為…準備),prepare,ready后接against則表示“預防、防備”之意。a.I have been preparing myself for the entrance examination.b.Have you made any preparation for your trip?for還可表示“有…才能、資格”,常用的成語有:be qualified for (有…的資格),be cut out for(有…的才能),have talent for(有…的才能),have a genius for(有…的天才),have(no)ability for/in(有/無做…的力量),have great talent for(有…的天才),have a turn for(有…的天才),have a talent for music(有音樂天才),have an eye for the picturesque(有審美眼光),have a good ear for music(對音樂有高超的鑒賞力),be gifted for something(做某事有天賦)。a.He has an aptitude for languages.b.He is not cut out for that sort of work.c.He has great talent for painting.d.He has a good ear for music.for還可表示“嗜好、喜好”的目的,常見的成語有:have a tastefor(喜好),have a fondness for(喜歡),have a liking for(喜歡),have a weakness for(偏好),have a fancy for(喜好),go in for(愛好),care for(喜歡),have an inclination for(愛好),have a taste for art,have a weakness for music。a.He has a liking for wine.b.Do you care for some more tea?for后接表示“同情”的目的,常和動詞care,fear,grieve,weep,blush,tremble連用。a.I don39。t care for myself,but I fear for the children.b.I tremble for your safety.for還可表示“向…地方、以…為目的地”,后接地點名詞,常構(gòu)成下列短語:start for,leave…for,set out for,set off for(動身前往),sail for,be bound for(啟程往),make for(向…移動),head for (向…出發(fā)),embark for(搭往…)。a.I shall leave for Beijing in a few days.b.He set off for France this morning.to也可用于表示“目的地”,但與for不同。for只是表示“面向…的目地”,沒有到達之意。而to則表示“到達…目的地”,有“到達”之意。因此在上述所列的成語后不可接to。試比較:a.a(chǎn) train for Guangzhou向廣州開出的列車(僅向廣州方向,廣州并非一定是??空荆゛ train to Guangzhou開到廣州去的列車(廣州為??空荆゜.He has gone to Japan.他已抵達日本。He had left for Japan.他已出發(fā)往日本去。be intended for,be destined for意為“成為…職業(yè)的人、以…為職業(yè)、命中注定如何”。be born(for)a poet(天生的詩人),intend on for(立志要使…成為…),be educated for the law(被培養(yǎng)成為律師)。a.I felt that he was destined for something great.b.My father intended me for a physician.for亦可表示“為了…目的”,常和go,e,send,call連用。a.I am going out for a walk.b.Have you sent for the doctor?for還可以表示“為了誰、給予誰”,常和make,buy,set,write,read連用。go for a walk/ride,swim,etc.,run for one39。s life(逃命),work for one39。s living(為生計而工作),read for pleasure(以讀書為樂趣)。a.Here I read a letter for you.b.These books are written for Chinese students.(2)atat表示“動作的目標或方向”,常構(gòu)成如下成語:look at,stare at,glance at,gaze at,glare at,wink at,aim at,drive at,throw at,knock at,strike at,rush at,let drive at,dash at,fire at,shoot at,fling at,tap at,run at,make at,e at(攻擊),smile at,laugh at,jeer at,jest at,point at,frown at/on,sneer at,mock at,spit at,bark at(吼叫),snart at(咆哮),growl at(咆哮),snap at(怒吼),storm at(向…咆哮),murmur at/against(發(fā)牢騷、訴怨),grumble at/about/over(發(fā)牢騷、訴委屈),point at(暗指、暗示),hint at(暗指、暗示),guess at(猜著),catch at(抓?。?,get at(取得),grasp at(抓?。?,snatch at(搶取),reach at(伸手以取、想得到)。look,gaze后還可接on,但意義略有不同,look at,gaze at只表示“一動作的方向或目的”,而look on和gaze on則表示“熟視”,帶有感情色彩,試比較:a.She gaze at him.她注視著他。(視線的目的點)b.She gazed on him with rapture.她欣喜若狂地凝視著他。(含感情色彩)at還可表示“到達”之意,常和end,get,land,stop等動詞連用,表示“向某地方”,運動方向為終止點。a.The train arrived at the station.b.I landed at America.(3)against,afteragainst表示“???、對著”的東西,beat against,lean against。a.The rain was beating against the windows.b.The ladder leans against the wall.a(chǎn)fter表示“愿望、渴望”的目的,常與下列動詞連用:long(渴望),yearn(思慕),hanker(渴求),hunger(渴望),thirst(渴望),pine(思慕),sigh(渴望)。a.We ought to hunger after knowledge.b.The mother long after an opportunity of seeing her children.a(chǎn)fter還可表示“追求、尋求”的目的,常構(gòu)成下列成語:run after (追求、追趕),seek after(追求),search after(追求),inquire after (問候)。a.All men search after happiness.b.She inquired after her sick sister.9.動詞和表示結(jié)果的介詞連用(1)toto表示“由某動作所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果”。be broken/dashed/cut/torn to pieces(被打成、摔成、切成、撕成碎片),be burnt to death(被燒死),be beaten to death(被打死),be starved to death(餓死),be frozen to death(凍死),be born to riches(生來就富有),be moved to tears (感動地流下了淚水),be tired to death(累死)。a.The house is falling to ruin.房子倒塌了。b.He torn the letter to pieces.他把信撕得粉碎。c.The glass was broken to pieces.玻璃杯被打碎了。d.He took the watch all to pieces while I waited.當我在等候的時候,他把這只表全拆了。e.The mother sings the child to sleep.母親唱歌使小孩入眠。f.Don39。t provoke me to angry.不要激我生氣。g.He drinks himself to death.他酗酒而死。h.He was frozen to death.他被凍死了。(2)intointo表示“變化的結(jié)果”,常和本身含有“轉(zhuǎn)變”意義的動詞連用:turn(變心),change(改變),grow(變成),convert(轉(zhuǎn)變),transform (改變),develop(發(fā)展),degenerate(轉(zhuǎn)變),unite(聯(lián)合),divide (分割),distribute(分類、類別),burst(突發(fā)、猝發(fā)),break(突然),translate(翻譯),render(使成、致成),do(做、制作),be made into(制造、產(chǎn)生),be spun into(編制、杜撰),be woven into(編、編排)。burst into表示由一種狀態(tài)變成另一種狀態(tài)之意,如burst into tears/laugh(突然大哭/笑),break into也是此義,如break into a loud laugh(突然大笑)。convert rags into paper(將破布變成紙),convert securities into cash (將證券變成現(xiàn)款),convert pounds into francs(將英磅換成法郎),laugh oneself into convulsion(捧腹大笑),talk black into white(指黑為白、指鹿為馬),develop into a flower(長成花),degenerate into weeds (退化為雜草)。into也可表示由外力而造成的影響:talk sb.into doing sth.(說服某人做某事),r