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ently had its effect on them. ? 他們進(jìn)入餐室用餐。美酒佳肴,頓受感染。 ? 2. 冠詞的省略 ? The direction of a force can be represented by an arrow. ? 力的方向可以用箭頭表示 。 ? 3. 介詞連詞的省略 ? (1) If I had known it, I would not have joined in it. ? 早知如此,我就不參加了。 ? (2) Like charges repel each other while opposite charges attract. ? 同性電荷相斥,異性電荷相吸。 ? 4. 動(dòng)詞的省略 ? When the pressure gets low, the boiling point bees low. ? 氣壓低,沸點(diǎn)就低。 ? 5. 非人稱代詞“ It”的省略 ? Outside it was pitchdark and it was raining cats and dogs. ? 外面一團(tuán)漆黑,大雨傾盆。 VI. 轉(zhuǎn)換變通 自然流暢 ? 在翻譯過程中,由于兩種語言在語法和表達(dá)習(xí)慣上的差異,我們有時(shí)必須改變原文某些詞語的詞類或句子成分才能有效地傳達(dá)出原文的準(zhǔn)確意思。 ? My point is that the frequent plaint of one generation about the one immediately following it is inevitable. ? 我的看法(觀點(diǎn))是,一代人對下一代人常常 抱怨 , 這一點(diǎn) 是在所難免的。 英譯漢的詞類轉(zhuǎn)換方法技巧 ? ? 漢語的動(dòng)詞使用頻率比英語高 , 所以將英語各種詞類轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語動(dòng)詞是最常見的詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。 ? 1) Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. ? 火箭已經(jīng)用來探索宇宙。(名詞轉(zhuǎn)為動(dòng)詞) ? 2) Everyone in the room was greatly surprised at what he said. ? 聽他一說,房間里的每個(gè)人都大吃一驚。(介詞轉(zhuǎn)為動(dòng)詞) ? 3) In this case the temperature in the furnace is up. ? 在這種情況下,爐溫就升高。 (副詞轉(zhuǎn)為動(dòng)詞 ) ? 2.各種詞類轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞 ? The new contract would be good for ten years. ? 新的合同有效期為 10年。(形容詞轉(zhuǎn)為名詞) ? He is physically weak but mentally sound. ? 他身體雖弱,但思想健康。(副詞轉(zhuǎn)為名詞) ? 3.各種詞類轉(zhuǎn)為形容詞 ? Earthquakes are closely related to faulting. ? 地震與斷裂運(yùn)動(dòng)有密切的關(guān)系。(副詞轉(zhuǎn)為形容詞) ? 4. 各種詞類轉(zhuǎn)換成副詞 ? 1) Below 4℃ , water is in continuous expansion instead of continuous contraction. ? 水在 4度以下就不斷地膨脹,而不是不斷地收縮。(形容詞轉(zhuǎn)為副詞) ? 2) I have the honor to inform you that your request is granted. ? 我榮幸地通知您,您的請求已得到批準(zhǔn)。(名詞轉(zhuǎn)為副詞) 句子成分轉(zhuǎn)換形式 ? 在很多情況下,英語中不同的句子成分也可以根據(jù)翻譯的需要進(jìn)行互相轉(zhuǎn)換;譬如,主語轉(zhuǎn)為賓語,賓語轉(zhuǎn)為主語,主語轉(zhuǎn)為謂語,主語轉(zhuǎn)為定語,狀語轉(zhuǎn)為主語等等。 ? 1) As the match burns, heat and light are given off. ? 火柴燃燒時(shí)發(fā)出光和熱。 (主語轉(zhuǎn)為賓語 ) ? 2) This sort of stone has a relative density of . ? 這種石頭的相對密度是 。 (賓語轉(zhuǎn)為主語 ) ? 3) Care must be taken at all times to protect the instrument from dust and damp. ? 應(yīng)當(dāng)始終注意保護(hù)儀器,不使其沾染灰塵和受潮。 (主語轉(zhuǎn)為謂語 ) ? 4) Careful parison of them will show you the difference. ? 只要仔細(xì)把它們比較一下,你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)不同之處。 (主語轉(zhuǎn)為謂語,賓語轉(zhuǎn)為主語 ) ? 5) The baby doubled its weight in a year. ? 這嬰兒的體重一年中長了一倍。 (主語轉(zhuǎn)為定語 ) ? 6) Thousands of terrified watchers stared with their hearts beating fast. ? 成千上萬的觀眾目瞪口呆,心嗵嗵直跳。 (定語轉(zhuǎn)為謂語 ) ? 7) The test is intended to reinforce what you have learnt in the past few weeks. ? 本測驗(yàn)的目的是強(qiáng)化你們過去幾個(gè)月內(nèi)所學(xué)的知識。 (謂語轉(zhuǎn)為表語 ) ? 8) Mathematics is well taught at that school. ? 那個(gè)學(xué)校的數(shù)學(xué)教得好。(狀語轉(zhuǎn)為主語) ? 9) The ocean was filled with turtles and fish, ready for the . ? 海洋里魚鱉成群,張網(wǎng)可得。(賓語轉(zhuǎn)為主語) VII. 結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整 順理成章 ? 結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整是英漢互譯中的又一常用翻譯技巧。由于英漢不同的造句結(jié)構(gòu)和表達(dá)習(xí)慣,英語中有些句子的詞序、語序在譯成漢語時(shí),應(yīng)加以調(diào)整,使其符合漢語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。 ? Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movementsthemselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. ( 2022) ? 由于人口的猛增或大量人口流動(dòng)(現(xiàn)代交通工具使這種方式相對容易)造成的種種問題也會對社會造成新壓力。 結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的常用方法技巧 ? 1.順序法 。 即按原文的句子順序翻譯。 ? 1) It was strange that a day of war was a day we stood still. We couldn’ t movethat must have