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is the grandson of James II of England. ? Charles Edward is determined to drive Gee II from the British throne. In 1745, he arrived in Scotland, where a number of Highland clans部落 came to his assistance援助 . Charles Edward Stuart ? Charles Edward Stuart took Edinburgh, defeated a British force at Prestonpans, and advanced as far south as Derby, England, before being forced to retreat撤退 . ? In April 1746, however, his forces were utterly 完全地 routed at Culloden Moor. Charles Edward Stuart escaped to France in September 1746. Riding the marches ? An annual ceremony that takes place in a number of towns in southern Scotland. ? It involves riding on horseback around the marches (borders) of the town and inspecting 檢查 the boundary 邊界 stones. A young man takes the riding flag. Other riders join him as they ride in the streets along the border. Riding the marches ? In the days of the border wars between England and Scotland in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries the town boundaries frequently had to be redefined after a destructive 破壞性的 enemy attack. ? People ride along the border between Scotland and England to demonstrate證明 how they are independent and different from English. Scottish Flag Bagpipe Bagpipe ? The bagpipe 風(fēng)笛 is a musical instrument of Celtic凱爾特人 origins which consists of an inflated 膨脹的 bag, usually leather。 one or two chanters吟唱者 , melody pipes with finger holes。 and one or more drones, harmony pipes which each produce one tone. ? Wind is supplied in bagpipe to one or more reedsounded pipes from a bag inflated by the performer, either through a blowpipe or by a bellows. Because the wind supply is continuous, the sounding pipes normally cannot be silent, and repeated melody notes must be articulated 連接 by inserting grace notes (notes of extremely short duration) between them. Bagpipe ? The simplest bagpipes have a cane pipe with a single reed 簧片 cut in the side。 often two parallel 平行 pipes are present, one a chanter (melody pipe) and the other a drone (harmony pipe). ? Bagpipes were probably introduced