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als ? Collaborative research efforts ? Over 10 years of leadfree research ? Sponsors include alloy suppliers and OEMs ? IDEALS Project ? Conducted by European panies ? Productionready processes for leadfree electronics ? Reliability of final assemblies Organizational Activities ? Japan Institute for Electronic Packaging (JIEP) F irst ad op t io n of le ad free sold er s in m a s spr od uce d go od s1999Ad op t io n o f le ad f re e po ne n t s 2022Ad op t io n o f le ad f re e sold e rs in w ave so ld er in g 2022Exp an de d u se of le ad f re e po ne n t s 2022Exp an de d u se of le ad f re e sold er s i n ne wpr od uc t s2022G en er al use o f le ad f re e sold e rs in ne w pr o du c t s 2022F ul l use o f l ea d f re e sold e rs in al l ne w pr o du c t s 2022Le ad con t ai ni ng sold er u sed on l y e x cep t i on al l y 2022C om pl ete el im in atio n o f l ea d f ro m el e ct ro n icpr od uc t s2022IPC Roadmap Findings LeadFree Solder Selection ? SnAgCu ? Appears to be most popular candidate with or without the addition of a 4th element ? Chosen as benchmark for testing SnPb is the baseline ? Concerns ? Higher processing temperatures ? Higher temperatures leads to more energy used added cost ? Compatibility with some lead bearing finishes ? Toxicity of Ag LeadFree Solder Selection ? SnCu ? Lowcost alternative for wave soldering ? Compatible with most lead bearing finishes ? Concerns ? Higher processing temperatures than most SnAgCu alloys ? SnAgBi ? Candidate for SMT applications ? NCMS study showed better thermal cycle reliability for certain SMT than SnAgCu ? Concerns ? Toxicity of Bi and Ag ? Fillet lifting LeadFree Solder Selection ? SnZn ? Low melting temperature ? Longterm data needed ? Concerns ? Zn oxidation ? Longterm corrosion of solder joint ? Requires special flux chemistries ? Wetting characteristics not as good as SnAgCu LeadFree Solder Selection ? SnAg ? Long history of usage ? Extensive data attractive to most panies ? Concerns ? Higher melting temperatures than SnAgCu ? Toxicity of Ag LeadFree Solder Selection ? Alloys by area of industry used ALL O Y S U S E D ME LT ING R ANG E( ? C)INDUS TR Y S E R V E D CO MP AN YS n A g 22 1 2 26 A ut o mo t i v e V i s te on (F ord)Mi l i ta ry / A eros pa c e P an ason i cS n A gB i 20 6 2 13 Con s um er Hi ta c h iS n A gB i C u Mi l i ta ry / A eros pa c e P an ason i c (F A Co nt rol l er?)S n A gB i C uGe Con s um er S on yS n A gB i X 20 6 2 13 Con s um er P an ason i cA ut o mo t i v e P an ason i cNok i aNortelP an ason i cS n A gCu217Tel eco mm u ni c at i o nsTos hi baS n B i 138 Con s um er P an ason i cCon s um er P an ason i cS nCu 227Tel eco mm u ni c at i o ns NortelNE CP an ason i cS nZn19 8. 5Con s um erTos hi baLeadFree Solder Selection ? Fluxes ? Selection of leadfree alloy means changes in flux chemistries ? Don’t plan on plugging current flux in