【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 things worse , it began to pour. To be frank, I don39。t like the way he talked. 二、不定式的時(shí)態(tài) 1．一般式：表示的動作和謂語動詞所表示的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或在謂語動作之后，或沒有時(shí)間限制。例如： They often watch us play table tennis.（與謂語動作同時(shí)） She hopes to go there again.（在謂語動作之后） It is necessary and important to read English every day.（無時(shí)間限制） The factory to make radios is over there.（無時(shí)間限制）She decided not to be late again. （在謂語動作之后，否定式）She promised never to make such a stupid mistake.（同上）2. 完成式：表示的動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前。如：I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.She seems to have been told everything.She seems to have been a teacher for many years.3. 進(jìn)行式：表示正在發(fā)生的動作且與謂語動作同時(shí)發(fā)生。例如： She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in.They pretended to be working very hard.We happened to be talking about it.4．完成進(jìn)行式：表示不定式中謂語動詞發(fā)生的動作先于主句的謂語動詞發(fā)出的動作。He is said to have been working there for more than twenty years.不定式的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)填空: 1. Many people are eager ____________ (talk about) their future. 2. Some of my friends seem ______________ (make) their plans nowadays.3. Mary is happy _______________ (make) a great decision. 4. Now he is an engineer, but he plans to __________ (change) his future life.5. He seemed to ___________________ (question) for many times.6. We are invited to a party _________ (hold) in our club next Friday. 7. I feel greatly honored ________________ (wele) into their society. 8. Have you checked all the goods ______ to the medical next week? 9. The play ______ (produce) next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.10. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle ___(hear). 11. It remain _________ (see) whether Jim’ll be fit enough to play in the finals. 12．Is Bob still performing?”I’m afraid not. He is said to _______ (leave) the stage already as he has bee an official.” 13. I don’t know whether you ____________________________ (碰巧聽說了), but I’m going to study in the . this September .14. All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to ___________ (receive) in time for Christmas. 15. We are invited to a party to _____________ (hold) in our club next Friday. 三、主動表示被動 ⑴ 邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系 句中有動作的執(zhí)行者Do you have anything to say on this question With a lot of housework to do, I can’t go to the concert with you.I’ll go to town. Do you have anything to be taken to your son?（you 不是take 動作的執(zhí)行者）⑵ 部分形容詞+不定式，與主語是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系回頭現(xiàn)象 The book is difficult to understand. =It is difficult to understand.The chair is fortable to sit on.Exciting as its special effects are to watch, there is too much violence in the film.He is a pleasant person to work with. 此類形容詞有easy, hard, cheap, expensive, dangerous, difficult, funny, fit, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, simple, strange, useful等。⑶ to blame受責(zé)備。 to let 待出租 The house is to let. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16yearold boy, saying that he was not the one to blame. He is more to blame than Wilfred.四、動詞不定式不帶to的情況:（1）.在一“感”（feel）二“聽”（hear/listen to）三“讓”（let/make/have）四“看”（look at/see/watch/notice＋observe）感官動詞和使役動詞后,動詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),不帶to. eg.①I have heard him speak about you often. 注: 用于被動語態(tài)時(shí)（let/have無被動語態(tài)be allowed to do sth）,則要帶to,②She was heard to sing a song in the next room.注: get/leave也有“讓”“叫”之意，但它們之后的不定式要帶to.’ll leave you to settle all the problems.（2） 在had better/had best/had rather/had sooner/would rather （寧愿/最好） ①I’d rather stop here soon. （3） 連接詞組 (寧愿… 而不愿) would rather do… than do...,would do …rather than do, prefer to do…rather than do…, insist on doing …rather than do…would sooner do …than do… eg: ① I would rather go than stay. ② Rather than go outing, she would stay at home.（4）在cannot but do …, cannot help but do…, can’t choose but do…, may (might) as well do…, may(maight) well do…., Eg: ① When the country calls you for help, you can’t but go.② I can’t choose but attend the meeting.（5）在“why …”/“why not…”一類表示提出忠告或建議的句型中, Eg: ①Why turn off the gas? ②Why not look it up in the direction? （6）do nothing/everything /anything but/except There is nothing（left）to do but/except wait for him at home. She could do nothing but cry. 五、不定式的省略式，可以保留到to。 to be。 to have。 to have been下列短語中，如果意義明確，常常省略到to 。want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to, love to , haveto , ought to , need to, used to, be able to ① If you don39。t want to do it, you don39。t need to.② Hasn’t he finished writing the report? No, but he ought to have.動名詞一、基本形式1. 一般式 By reviewing the old, you can learn something new.2. 被動式 He narrowly escaped being drowned.3. 完成式 Mary regrets having been idle when young.4. 否定式 not doing 5. 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) Is there any chance of my going abroad?二、動名詞的句法功能 名詞性質(zhì) 作主語、賓語，也可以用作表語或定語1. 作主語 1）Being exposed to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one39。s skin. 2）Being examined twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city. 3）What do you think made Mary so upset? ____ her new bicycle. A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing注意：動名詞在“It is no use / no good / fun / useless / a waste of time / a good pleasure / nice / good / interesting / worthwhile等”結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語，it為形式主語。如：It’s no good waiting this morning. Come back Monday.2. 作表語 In the ant city, the queen39。s job is laying eggs. 3. 作賓語 既可作動詞賓語也可作介詞賓語In some parts of London, missing a bus means waiting for another hour. She looks forward every spring to walking in the flowerlined garden.The discovery of new evidence led to the thief being caught.注意：若跟有賓語補(bǔ)足語，則常用it作形式賓語 We found it no good making fun of others. We don’t think it any good allowing children to chat on line without any restriction.后接動名詞作賓語的動詞： enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit，deny, mind, permit, for