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人保1981年的海洋運輸貨物保險條款并不承保海盜險。要投保海盜險,則需要另外投保海洋運輸貨物戰(zhàn)爭險條款,其中關于承保海盜風險的條款規(guī)定如下:“一、責任范圍 本保險負責賠償: (一)直接由于戰(zhàn)爭、類似戰(zhàn)爭行為和敵對行為、武裝沖突或海盜行為所致的損失。 ……”同樣,我國的保險條款中雖然有關于承保海盜風險的規(guī)定,但是它們也都沒有對“海盜行為”作出明確的定義。另外,各國的保險法中也沒有關于海盜行為的界定,只是在英國1906年海上保險法的保險單解釋規(guī)則的第8條對海盜行為略有提及:“The term ‘Pirates’ includes passengers who mutiny and rioters who attack the ship from the shore.”但這一規(guī)定只是對海盜行為的補充規(guī)定,它并沒有對海盜行為作出全面的定義。雖然在保險法領域并沒有關于海盜行為的定義,但是其他的國際公約以及國際組織卻對海盜行為作出了定義。例如,1982年聯合國海洋法公約規(guī)定:“Article 101Piracy consists of any of the following acts: a) any illegal acts of violence or detention, or any act of depredation, mitted for private ends by the crew or the passengers of a private aircraft, and directed:i) on the high seas, against another ship or aircraft, or against persons or property on board such ship or aircraft。ii) against a ship, aircraft, persons or property in a place outside the jurisdiction of any State。b) any act of voluntary participation in the operation of a ship or of an aircraft with knowledge of facts making it a private ship or aircraft。c) any act of inciting or of intentionally facilitating an act described in subparagraph (a) or (b).Article 102Piracy by a warship, government ship or government aircraft whose crew has mutinied The acts of piracy, as defined in article 101, mitted by a warship, government ship or government aircraft whose crew has mutinied and taken control of the ship or aircraft are assimilated to acts mitted by a private ship or aircraft.”根據上述國際法的規(guī)定,海盜行為的成立要件有:1)有武力行為;2)由他船的船員或者乘客實施行為;3)行為不合法,且出于私利;4)行為發(fā)生在公海上,或者不在某一國的主權管轄范圍內。另外,國際海事局也對海盜行為作了定義,具體如下:“An act of boarding any vessel with the intent to mit theft or any other crime and with the intent or capability to use force in the furtherance of that act.”雖然有上述國際公約和國際組織的規(guī)定,但是它們主要都是從國際法的角度去解釋海盜行為,其是否適用于保險法領域還有待商榷。不過從海上保險法的實踐來看,大家似乎都比較認同以下關于海盜行為的成立條件:1)行為發(fā)生的地理范圍可以比較寬泛,只要是發(fā)生在海上即可,沒有領土或者是國家限制;2)在行為之前或者行為當時,行為人使用武力或者威脅使用武力;3)行為人的動機是出于私利。以上是對于海盜行為的傳統(tǒng)界定。以往的海盜行為主要表現為海盜登上船舶,對船上財產進行掠奪以及損壞船舶或者貨物,只要海盜的這種破壞行為符合了海上保險領域對于海盜行為的成立條件,