【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 出，用于債務(wù)還本付息的不應(yīng)超過20%。國際上一般認(rèn)為償債率在20%以下是安全的，超過這一警戒線，就有發(fā)生償債危機(jī)的可能性。財(cái)務(wù)杠桿問題：其一：將財(cái)務(wù)杠桿定義為企業(yè)在制定資本結(jié)構(gòu)決策時(shí)對(duì)債務(wù)籌資的利用。因而財(cái)務(wù)杠桿又可稱為融資杠桿、資本杠桿或者負(fù)債經(jīng)營。這種定義強(qiáng)調(diào)財(cái)務(wù)杠桿是對(duì)負(fù)債的一種利用。 其二：認(rèn)為財(cái)務(wù)杠桿是指在籌資中適當(dāng)舉債，調(diào)整資本結(jié)構(gòu)給企業(yè)帶來額外收益。如果負(fù)債經(jīng)營使得企業(yè)每股利潤上升，便稱為正財(cái)務(wù)杠桿；如果使得企業(yè)每股利潤下降，通常稱為負(fù)財(cái)務(wù)杠桿。顯而易見，在這種定義中，財(cái)務(wù)杠桿強(qiáng)調(diào)的是通過負(fù)債經(jīng)營而引起的結(jié)果。2關(guān)于物權(quán)法中的留置權(quán)：根據(jù)民法理論，留置權(quán)的對(duì)象都是動(dòng)產(chǎn)。合法占有，還包括，無因管理獲得的財(cái)產(chǎn)。2市場占有率：某公司的市場占有率是30%，其他最大三個(gè)競爭對(duì)手的市場占有率分別為20%，12%,8%。問該公司的相對(duì)市場占有率：市場份額 即一個(gè)企業(yè)的銷售量（或銷售額）在市場同類產(chǎn)品中所占的比重。市場份額能直接反映企業(yè)所提供的商品和勞務(wù)對(duì)消費(fèi)者和用戶的滿足程度，也能表明企業(yè)的商品在市場上所處的地位。市場份額越高，表明企業(yè)經(jīng)營、競爭能力越強(qiáng)。市場份額根據(jù)不同市場范圍有4種測算方法 ：①總體市場份額 ，指一個(gè)企業(yè)的銷售量（額）在整個(gè)行業(yè)中所占的比重。②目標(biāo)市場份額 ，指一個(gè)企業(yè)的銷售量（額）在其目標(biāo)市場，即它所服務(wù)的市場中所占的比重。一個(gè)企業(yè)的目標(biāo)市場的范圍小于或等于整個(gè)行業(yè)的服務(wù)市場，因而它的目標(biāo)市場份額總是大于它在總體市場中的份額 。③相對(duì)于3個(gè)最大競爭者的市場份額 ，指一個(gè)企業(yè)的銷售量和市場上最大的 3 個(gè)競爭者的銷售總量之比。如：一個(gè)企業(yè)的市場份額是30％ ， 而它的3個(gè)最大競爭者的市場份額分別為20％，10％，10％，則該企業(yè)的相對(duì)市場份額就是30％247。40％＝75％ ，如4個(gè)企業(yè)各占25％ ，則該企業(yè)的相對(duì)市場份額為33％。一般地，一個(gè)企業(yè)擁有33％以上的相對(duì)市場份額，就表明它在這一市場中有一定實(shí)力。④相對(duì)于最大競爭者的市場份額，指一個(gè)企業(yè)的銷售量與市場上最大競爭者的銷售量之比 ，若高于100％ ，表明該企業(yè)是這一市場的領(lǐng)袖。2有限責(zé)任公司股東轉(zhuǎn)讓股份的條件：股東向股東以外的人轉(zhuǎn)讓股權(quán)，應(yīng)當(dāng)經(jīng)其他股東過半數(shù)同意。股東應(yīng)就其股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓事項(xiàng)書面通知其他股東征求同意，其他股東自接到書面通知之日起滿三十日未答復(fù)的，視為同意轉(zhuǎn)讓。其他股東半數(shù)以上不同意轉(zhuǎn)讓的，不同意的股東應(yīng)當(dāng)購買該轉(zhuǎn)讓的股權(quán)；不購買的，視為同意轉(zhuǎn)讓。 經(jīng)股東同意轉(zhuǎn)讓的股權(quán)，在同等條件下，其他股東有優(yōu)先購買權(quán)。兩個(gè)以上股東主張行使優(yōu)先購買權(quán)的，協(xié)商確定各自的購買比例；協(xié)商不成的，按照轉(zhuǎn)讓時(shí)各自的出資比例行使優(yōu)先購買權(quán)。2信用卡信用額度的確認(rèn)：2銀行整存整取問題您如果沒去銀行辦理過整存整取,而是一直放在折子或卡上，那銀行只會(huì)按活期利率計(jì)算。如果您指的是，您存了定期，到期后一直沒去銀行辦理過轉(zhuǎn)存，那么銀行會(huì)按照您定期到期當(dāng)天的利率給您繼續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)存相同的期限。定幾年就轉(zhuǎn)存幾年，并且是本金加利息一起轉(zhuǎn)存。2貨幣市場工具貨幣政策工具可分為一般性政策工具和選擇性貨幣政策工具． 一般性政策工具即傳統(tǒng)的三大貨幣政策工具：再貼現(xiàn)率，存款準(zhǔn)備金政策和公開市場操作． 選擇性貨幣政策工具主要包括：如優(yōu)惠利率，保證金利率，行業(yè)信用管制等的間接信用控制；如貸款量的最高限額和存款利率的最高限額的直接信用管制手段． 常識(shí)部分能記得的有幾題：馬英九的副手是？（蕭萬長）政府機(jī)構(gòu)改革后的部門（國務(wù)院組成部門調(diào)至27個(gè)）奧運(yùn)會(huì)開幕式上姚明牽的是誰（抗震救災(zāi)小英雄林浩）我有一個(gè)夢想演講中的節(jié)選，問是誰說的（馬丁路德金）構(gòu)建社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)是貫穿的長期歷史任務(wù)？（中國特色社會(huì)主義事業(yè)全過程）（2008年09月19日）（殘疾人擊劍隊(duì)員）（包括兩岸空運(yùn)直航海運(yùn)直航、郵政合作、食品安全四項(xiàng)協(xié)議，剩下的那一項(xiàng)就是了。）08年雪災(zāi)為什么造成那么大的危害經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)中擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需的方法 第五部分：英語作文（關(guān)于養(yǎng)寵物的看法） There is no denying the fact that keeping pets is a hotly debated topic today. Some people think keeping pets is a good thing to do. They believe that pets, like cats and dogs, can help relieve the loneliness suffered by senior citizens and other social members who are confined to their homes for this reason or that. They also argue that keeping pets helps mankind understand animals’ world and develop positive feelings toward them. 　　Others, however, hold the opposite view. They regard keeping pets as a useless but harmful thing to do. First, pets can transmit diseases. Secondly, the noises and dung of pets are sources of pollution. Last but not least, as many rare birds and animals are kept as pets, they will surely be hunted on a large scale, which means a threat to the balance of the ecosystem. 　　Weighing the pros and cons of these arguments, I am inclined to agree with the latter. Anyway, we can lessen our loneliness and express our love toward animals in other ways. And it is my belief that only by placing man and other species on an equal basis can we expect to have a lively and colorful world. 寫一篇關(guān)于關(guān)于堅(jiān)強(qiáng)意志至關(guān)重要的作文A wellknown proverb goes that “where there is a will, there is a way”, which means that one can find a way to success as long as he or she has a strong will. With a strong will, one can focus all his energy on one point, which makes his success possible. Without a strong will, however, one can be easily distracted from his goal or discouraged by setbacks, which leads to his ultimate failure. 　　 History abounds with examples of strongwilled figures winning success. Actually, there is no better illustration of the proverb than the deeds of Gou Jian, king of Yue in ancient China. Defeated by Fu Chai, king of Wu, Gou tried every means possible to steel his will. Eventually, with the help of Fan Li and Xi Shi, he managed to rebuild his country and his armies and had Fu Chai taste the bitterness of failure. 　　 In short, a strong will is essential if we want to make achievements in our studies or work, or indeed in any other aspect of our lives. One should lose no chance to strength his will and remember, God helps those who help themselves. 債券的市場價(jià)格與市場利率( )　　a. 成正比　　b. 成反比　　c. 相關(guān)　　d. 無關(guān)　　標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案： b　　 弗里德曼認(rèn)為，貨幣需求是穩(wěn)定并可預(yù)測的，因而貨幣政策應(yīng)當(dāng)是( )　　a相機(jī)行事　　b適度從緊　　c適度擴(kuò)張　　d單一