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.等 ,行文時最好不 用第一人稱 ,以方便文摘刊物的編輯刊用。 16 (1)回顧研究背景 ,常用的詞匯有 review, summarize, present, outline, describe 等。 (2)闡明寫作或研究目的 ,常用的詞匯有 purpose, attempt, aim等。此外 ,還可以用動詞不定式充當目的狀語來表達。 (3)介紹論文的重點內(nèi)容或研究范圍 ,常用的詞匯有 study, present, include, focus, emphasize, emphasis, attention等 。 (4)介紹研究或試驗過程 ,常用的詞匯有 test, study, investigate, examine, experiment, discuss, consider, analyze, analysis等。 (5)說明研究或試驗方法 ,常用的詞匯有 measure, estimate, calculate 等。 (6)展示研究成果 ,常用的詞匯有 show, result, present等。 (7)介紹結論 ,常用的詞匯有 summary, introduce, conclude等。 (8)陳 述論文的論點和作者的觀點 ,常用的詞匯有 suggest, report, present, explain, expect, describe 等。 (9)闡明論證 ,常用的詞匯有 support, provide, indicate, identify, find, demonstrate, confirm, clarify等。 (10)推薦和建議 ,常用的詞匯有 suggest, suggestion, remend, remendation, propose, necessity, necessary, expect等。 總之 ,在撰寫英文題名和英文摘要時要做到準確、簡潔、清楚 ,以便引起讀者注意。除了解英文題名和英文摘要的基本 17 要求和注意事項外 ,還需熟悉本行業(yè)術語的英文表達 ,擴大英語詞匯量 ,掌握基本的英語語法規(guī)則 ,多看英文文獻 ,提高英文寫作及表達能力。 寫作攻略 摘要是對原始文獻(或文章)的基本內(nèi)容進行濃縮并寫成語義連貫的短文。它以迅速掌握原文內(nèi)容梗概為目的,不需加入任何主觀評論和解釋,但必須簡明、確切地表述原文的重要內(nèi)容。摘要寫作要求簡明扼要,用詞準確。摘要題型寫作是難度非常大的一種寫作形式。隨著 考生英語水平的不斷提高,這種題型引起考生的普遍重視。寫作摘要時應該注意以下幾點: ( 1)動筆之前,考生一定要認真仔細地閱讀所給原文,力求抓住其大意,掌握原文要點。 如果一遍不能明白,可以多讀幾次,讀的次數(shù)越多越容易明白文章大意。 ( 2)摘要的長度不應超過原文的三分之一,一般是原文的四分之一或五分之一,考試時應遵守規(guī)定 的字數(shù)限制。 ( 3)在做摘要時考生切忌照搬原文,應該用自己的語言來寫。一篇摘要應該是語言的再創(chuàng)造,而不是原文詞語的簡單堆砌。 ( 4)摘要應與原文的觀點保持一致,為了使摘要條理 清晰,無特殊情況應按原文的邏輯順序排列。 18 ( 5)摘要要做到內(nèi)容完整,沒有大的遺漏,使讀者無需查看原文就能夠獲得原文的主要內(nèi)容。應重點反映主要觀點,刪除細節(jié)。 ( 6)削除例子,簡化描述。用簡短的語句代替冗長的語句。 ( 7)檢查與修改時,考生應重點檢查是否遺漏了原文的要點或包含了細節(jié)。 另外,寫摘要時應該使用簡單的銜接詞,如 but, then, thus, yet, for等等,而不能使用 at the same time, on the other hand 等。 2.必背模版句型 This paper mainly deals with... 這篇論文主要是寫 …… This article focuses on the topics of (that, having, etc)... 這篇文章的強調(diào)的主題是 …… This essay presents knowledge that... 這篇短文主要是講關于 …… 的知識。 This thesis discusses/analyzes... 這篇論文討論 /分析了 …… This paper provides an overview of... 這篇文章綜述了 …… This article pares...and summarizes key findings. 這篇文章比較了 …… 并總結了主要的發(fā)現(xiàn)。 This paper 19 presents uptodate information on... 這篇論文介紹了關于 …… 的最新信息。 This article not only describes...but also suggests... 這篇文章不僅描述了 …… 而且建議 ……This paper provides a method of ...這篇為 …… 提供了方法。 This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze...這篇文章介紹一種分析 …… 的可行程序。 This paper is devoted to examining the role of... 這篇論文致力于研究 …… 的作用。 This paper reflects the state of the art in... 這篇論文展示了 …… 目前的情況。 This article reviews the techniques used in... 這篇文章綜述了 …… 領域采用的技術。 The writer of this essay tries to explore..本文作者試圖探討 …… The aim/purpose/objective of this paper is to determine... 本文的目的 /目標是為了決定 …… 摘要寫作三步走 一、閱讀原文、把握主旨、梳理結構 拿到一篇文章,一定要仔細閱讀,抓住其主旨,除此外,我們還要注意文章的承前啟后的結構,而這通常體 現(xiàn)在原文段落的段首,所以,萬學海文英語鉆石卡輔導老師們建議廣 20 大的 2020 年的考生們在閱讀的時候,一定要注意并且關注位于每段段首的幾個句子,同時要注意這些句子之間的語義和邏輯關系,通讀文章之后,我們也要注意抓文章的關鍵詞。 二、整合 我們摘錄完所需要的關鍵詞和句子后,接下來的工作就是需要對他們進行整合,然后在此基礎上形成一篇完整的短文;在摘抄完了關鍵詞和所需要的句子后,需要添加部分關聯(lián)詞語,這樣就可以把不同的句子串聯(lián)起來。最后需要在短文前放上文章的標題,至于文章的標題,在對原文的理解上,需要自己整理。 三、翻譯 盡量使用自己熟悉的英語詞匯來對應漢語句子中的詞,如果對這些詞語沒有把握,千萬不要勉強,萬一找不到合適的詞匯,可以使用替代詞。 最后,特別提示:一定要用自己的語言來寫摘要,摘要是一次文字上的再創(chuàng)造,而不是機械重復和簡單堆砌,所以,廣大的 2020 年的考生同學們可以試著將原文中需要寫出來的材料進行改寫:有 3 個具體的參考方法: ,比如狀語的成分,可以放在句尾,可以用分詞來做,也可以做成插入語等。 ,比如可以把動詞的表達形式改成其 相應的名詞表達形式。 21 ,用具有相同意思的詞語來表達原文中類似詞語的意思。 摘要范文 Directions: Study the following essay carefully and write a summary in about 100 Rights By Jeff Bakersfield Who knows better than the students themselves what a university should do for them and how they should be treated? Yet how often do students have any say at all in such important issues as faculty selection, curriculum planning, and scheduling? The answer is obvious: never. If university administrations refuse to include student representatives in the decisionmaking process, something drastic must be done. Let’ s examine what is happening right here on our own campus in the areas mentioned above. The first major issue is the selection of faculty members. Never in the history of this college has a student been permitted to interview, examine the credentials of, or even meet prospective professors. All hiring is done by a joint administrative faculty mittee, often made up of people who will not even have extensive dealings with the individuals after they begin teaching. Those who have the most at stake and whose lives and academic careers will be 22 governed by the professors the students themselves never even meet the new teachers until the first class meeting. No one is better equipped to evaluate a professor’ s ability to municate with students than those whom he or she intends to teach. Anyone can read curriculum vitae to ascertain the level of professional training and experience someone has had, but the best judges of a teacher’ s ability to teach, which is the primary function of any professor, are undoubtedly the students themselves. Students’ interest in and mitment to appropriate curricula are even more obvious. We have e to college with very specific purposes in mind: to prepare ourselves intellectually and practically for the future. We know what we need to learn in order to pete successfully with others in our chosen fields. Why should we be kept out of the curriculum planning process? If we pay for the textbooks, spend hours in the library doing research, and burn the midnight oil studying for tests and exams, why are we not permitted to give our opinions about the materials we will spend so many hours studying? It is imperative that our views be made known to curriculum planners. Finally, the area of scheduling is of vital interest to 23 students. The hours at which classes are offered affect the workings of our daily lives. Man