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.A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have leftC. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave3. I didn’t meet Mr. Smith at the station. How l wish I _______ him.A. had seen B. saw C. have seen D. was seeing 4. But for your advice, I _______ out of the trouble last week.A. wouldn’t get B. wouldn’t have gotC. couldn’t get D. won’t get5. You _______ him from the water even though you couldn’t swim well.A. should save B. could save C. ought to have saved D. might have saved答案及解析:1. C。筷子放入水中,看起來(lái)像是被折斷一樣,這是光的折射現(xiàn)象,筷子并沒(méi)有被折斷,這是與事實(shí)相反的說(shuō)法,因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。當(dāng)as if從句表示與現(xiàn)在情況相反時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式,且be一般用were。2. B。事實(shí)是對(duì)方(you)什么也沒(méi)說(shuō)就離家出走了。而現(xiàn)在說(shuō)“你不應(yīng)該不留一句話就離家出走”,表示說(shuō)話者抱怨、責(zé)備等語(yǔ)氣,因此要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,shouldn’t have left表示過(guò)去本來(lái)不應(yīng)該離開(kāi),而實(shí)際上離開(kāi)了。3. A。事實(shí)是沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到Smith先生,wish純屬表示一種愿望, 因此要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。表示對(duì)過(guò)去的愿望時(shí),wish后面的賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成式形式。4. B。由but for(要不是)可知實(shí)際情況是已經(jīng)擺脫了困境,所說(shuō)的“不會(huì)擺脫困境”與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,故用would have got。5. C。由even though引導(dǎo)的從句意義可知說(shuō)話者帶有責(zé)備的語(yǔ)氣:對(duì)方本來(lái)應(yīng)該救人以盡一個(gè)人的義務(wù),而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有,ought to have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬。三、鑒別語(yǔ)態(tài)信息 —— 及物無(wú)賓被動(dòng)看【要領(lǐng)】 當(dāng)選項(xiàng)中既有不同的時(shí)態(tài)形式,又有不同的語(yǔ)態(tài)形式時(shí),先判斷語(yǔ)態(tài),后判斷時(shí)態(tài)。因?yàn)檎Z(yǔ)態(tài)容易判斷:當(dāng)所給動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞,后面沒(méi)有帶賓語(yǔ)且句子的主語(yǔ)承受該動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作時(shí),就可先選定被動(dòng)形式的選項(xiàng)。接下來(lái)根據(jù)所給時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或語(yǔ)境暗示的時(shí)間判斷時(shí)態(tài)。若所給動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,就不需要考慮被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)問(wèn)題?!纠?】The flowers were so lovely that they _______ in no time. (2007全國(guó)卷I)A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell【答案及解析】 答案為C。所給動(dòng)詞sell(賣(mài)、銷(xiāo)售)在此是及物動(dòng)詞,其后沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ),主語(yǔ)they是sell的承受者,優(yōu)先考慮被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)選項(xiàng)B和C。再判斷時(shí)態(tài):sell動(dòng)詞表示的時(shí)間不會(huì)在were之前發(fā)生,故只能考慮用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故選擇were sold。 但需注意有些動(dòng)詞,如上面提到的sell既可以用作及物動(dòng)詞也可以用作不及物動(dòng)詞,這就需要具體情況具體分析。 如sell表示銷(xiāo)售狀況并跟有相應(yīng)的副詞時(shí),一般用作不及物動(dòng)詞。如: The ticket cost so much and sold badly.【例2】When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _______ for a space flight. (江西2007)A. training B. being trainedC. to have trained D. to be trained【答案及解析】 答案為D。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞train是及物動(dòng)詞,后面沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ),先考慮被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)選項(xiàng)B和D。又從非謂語(yǔ)的作用可知,這里應(yīng)用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。故