【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 astened firmly, piled or filled with pads) to prevent rolling or falling.保持所有進(jìn)出通道清潔無阻。All entrance and exit passages should be kept neat and smooth.定期處理垃圾。Garbage should be disposed regularly. 安全管理技術(shù) Safety management techniques 經(jīng)驗(yàn)告訴我們，如果要避免在工作中受到嚴(yán)重的傷害，安全監(jiān)察人員與技術(shù)人員都應(yīng)遵循以下所述的安全防護(hù)方法。Experiences tell use that safety supervision persons and technicians should follow the following safety protection methods if severe injuries during operation should be avoided. 本節(jié)告訴你一個(gè)技術(shù)人員如何使用這些方法。The objective of this section is to tell you how a technician uses these methods. 工作分配與安全指示W(wǎng)ork distribution and safety indication 在指派某人一項(xiàng)任務(wù)以前，不論是新工作或重復(fù)的工作，安全監(jiān)察人員有責(zé)任向他說明該項(xiàng)工作的安全預(yù)防措施及在工作進(jìn)行以前應(yīng)采取的預(yù)防措施。Before a task is assigned to one person, no matter it is new work or repeated work, the safety supervisors should have the responsibility of explaining the safety precautions of the work and precautions which should be taken before the work is carried out. 你有責(zé)任了解及遵守這些說明，如果你不了解時(shí)，就問，如果你的上司未對(duì)你說明時(shí)，也問，如果你有身體上的限制時(shí)，應(yīng)告訴你的工作負(fù)責(zé)人。You should have the responsibility of understanding and abiding by these explanations. You should ask either when you don’t understand or your senior doesn’t tell you. If you have Restrictions on your body, you should tell your work principal. 分心 Distraction工作時(shí)分心是極危險(xiǎn)的，如果你有私人問題經(jīng)常困擾著你，告訴你的工作負(fù)責(zé)人，以便在指派工作前作考慮。Distraction during work is very dangerous. If private problems often trouble you, you should tell you work principal for convenience of considering before assigning the work. 會(huì)議 Meeting安全監(jiān)察人員將召集所屬人員定期開會(huì)，以講解安全預(yù)防措施，使之深入你的腦海，你應(yīng)參加此項(xiàng)會(huì)議，提出你的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，不了解時(shí)就要發(fā)問。The safety supervisors should call in the affiliated persons to hold meetings regularly to explain safety precautions so that you can understand these precautions deeply. You should take part in such a meeting, raise your experiences and put a question if you don’t understand. 工作整潔 Work neatness保持工作場所整潔，是養(yǎng)成安全工作習(xí)慣的第一步，主要包括下列各項(xiàng)：Keeping work places neat is the first step to culture safe working habits. It mainly includes following items:工具與施工材料的妥善放置。Properly place tools and construction materials.廢棄物及垃圾放置在規(guī)定的容器內(nèi)。Place wastes and garbage in regulated containers.材料的安全儲(chǔ)存。Safe storage of materials. 煙蒂放入煙灰缸。Place stumps into an ashtray.小物件放在盒或箱內(nèi)。Place small pieces into a box or tank.地面上無工具、木頭、金屬廢料。Ground free of tools, woods, metal wastes.進(jìn)出路未阻塞。No blocking of entrance and exit roads.工作臺(tái)上僅放置工作時(shí)所需的工具與物品。Only place tools and substances needed during work on the working table.物料妥善存放，使火源無法滋生。Properly store materials to prevent fire sources. 檢查 Inspection 在使用每件工具或設(shè)備前，你有責(zé)任作快速目視檢查，有缺陷的器具應(yīng)立即加以標(biāo)示。并通知安全監(jiān)察人員。You should have the responsibilities of making rapid visual inspection before using each tool or equipment. Appliances with defects should be marked immediately and the safety supervisors should be notified. 在每日輪班開始時(shí)，對(duì)你的工作場所作快速的檢查，以確定狀態(tài)良好——工作許可，焊接許可，支撐的狀況，進(jìn)出路，電力設(shè)備是否被移動(dòng)，新挖掘地面是否有圍護(hù)欄，同時(shí)在同一地點(diǎn)施工的其他單位的工作狀況，高處工作的工人，或任何其他變動(dòng)情況。You should make a rapid inspection on your working places before shifts begin every day to determine that they are in good conditions work permit, welding permit, situations of supports, and entrance and exit passages, whether electric power equipments are moved, whether guardrails are provided for grounds newly dug, working situations of other organizations constructing at the same place simultaneously, workers overhead working or any other change situations. 個(gè)人防護(hù)用品 Personal protection appliances 頭部——安全帽 Head safety helmet在工作期間，應(yīng)戴經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)的且狀況良好的安全帽。During working, an approved safety helmet with good conditions should be put on. 建議不使用金屬安全帽，而且在馬達(dá)控制室、變電所及接近高架電線位置，不得戴金屬安全帽，不得變動(dòng)帽上的零件。It is suggested that no metal safety helmet should be used, no metal safety helmet should be put on in the motor control room, transformer station and near overhead power lines, and parts on the safety helmet should not be changed. 眼及耳 Eyes and ears眼部保護(hù) Protection of eyes216。 具有側(cè)面防護(hù)的工業(yè)用安全眼鏡——凡在工廠內(nèi)工作的所有時(shí)間及鉆孔、切削、澆筑混凝土、釘鐵（水泥）釘、鐵器互相敲擊等工作時(shí)均應(yīng)使用。Industrial safety glasses with side protection – it should be used during all time when working the plants as well as during drilling, cutting, pouring concretes, nailing iron (cement) nails, knocking iron appliances with each other. 216。 切割用護(hù)目鏡 Goggles for cutting 在氣焊及切割時(shí)使用。It is used during gas welding and cutting. 最低3號(hào)密度的濾光鏡at least filter lens with 3 density濾光鏡片兩面各有一片塑膠罩片。Each surface of the filter lens is provided with one plastic cover sheet.216。 全罩護(hù)目鏡在大多數(shù)動(dòng)力切削、鋸、頭頂鉆孔及處理腐蝕性液體時(shí)使用。Fully covered gollgles are used during mosts of powered cutting and sawing, overhead drilling and treating corrosive liquids.216。 全面型護(hù)面罩 Full face type face shield打磨及處理熔融材料（鉛、瀝青）時(shí)。It is used during grinding and treating molten materials (Pd, asphalt).可用于代替全罩護(hù)目鏡 It can be used for replacing fully covered gollgles.預(yù)防措施 Precautions 手不要觸及眼。The hand should not touch eyes.要知道洗眼睛站的位置，如果懷疑有外物進(jìn)入眼睛時(shí)，以水沖洗，不可由自己試著清除眼中的外物。You should know position of the eye washing station. If you doubt that foreign substances enter your eyes, you should wash eyes with water and should not try to remove foreign substances in your eyes by yourself. 耳朵 Ears 某些工作場所或使用某些工具設(shè)備時(shí)，需要使用耳塞。Earplugs should be adopted in some working places or when some tools and equipments are used. 臉部及頸部 Face and neck 在下列情況下需戴面罩：A face shield should be adopted under following situations: 216。 在瀝青鍋旁工作時(shí)。Work near an asphalt melting furnace.216。 熔化鉛及處理酸時(shí)。Melt Pd and treat acids. 216。 在進(jìn)行某些打磨工作時(shí)。Implement some grinding operations.216。 使用可造成固體物質(zhì)向外拋出的電鋸時(shí)。Use an electric saw which will cause throwing of solid substances.216。 焊接可產(chǎn)生電弧灼傷，面部及頸部應(yīng)做適當(dāng)保護(hù)。Proper protections should be made on face and neck when welding might generate electric arc burn. 216。 寬、松的領(lǐng)帶及破舊的襯衫、不得在機(jī)器周圍穿著。Wide and loose neckties and broken shirkts should not be put on at surrounds of a machine. 手指、手及腕 Fingers, hands and wrists 手套——應(yīng)在大多數(shù)的工作場合戴適合的手套。Gloves – proper gloves should be put on at most of working places. 塑膠或橡膠涂層手套，用于特殊工作（如溶劑、處理化學(xué)物質(zhì)）經(jīng)絕緣測試的橡膠手套，用于所有的電路工作及可能接觸到