【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 . (l) Saving or attempting to save life or property at sea. (m) Wastage in bulk or weight or any other loss or damage arising from inherent defect, quality or vice of the goods. (n) Insufficiency of packing. (o) Insufficiency or inadequacy of marks. (p) Latent defects not discoverable by due diligence. (q) Any other cause arising without the actual fault or privity of the carrier, or without the actual fault or neglect of the agents or servants of the carrier, but the burden of proof shall be on the person claiming the benefit of this exception to show that neither the actual fault or privity of the carrier nor the fault or neglect of the agents or servants of the carrier contributed to the loss or damage. 2．不論承運(yùn)人或船舶，對(duì)由于下列原因引起或造成的滅失或損壞，都不負(fù)責(zé)： (a) 船長、船員、引水員或承運(yùn)人的雇傭人員，在駕駛船舶或管理船舶中的行為、疏忽或不履行義務(wù)； (b) 火災(zāi)，但由于承運(yùn)人的實(shí)際過失或私謀所引起的除外； (c) 海上或其它可航水域的災(zāi)難、危險(xiǎn)和意外事故； (d) 天災(zāi)； (e) 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)行為； (f) 公敵行為； (g) 君主、當(dāng)權(quán)者或人民的扣留或管制，或依法扣押； (h) 檢疫限制； (i) 托運(yùn)人或貨主、其代理人或代表的行為或不行為； (j) 不論由于任何原因所引起的局部或全面罷工、關(guān)廠停止或限制工作； (k) 暴動(dòng)和騷亂； (l) 救助或企圖救助海上人命或財(cái)產(chǎn)； (m) 由于貨物的固有缺點(diǎn)、質(zhì)量或缺陷引起的體積或重量虧損，或任何其它滅失或損壞； (n) 包裝不充分； (o) 標(biāo)志不清或不當(dāng)； (p) 雖克盡職責(zé)亦不能發(fā)現(xiàn)的潛在缺點(diǎn)；(q) 非由于承運(yùn)人的實(shí)際過失或私謀，或者承運(yùn)人的代理人，或雇傭人員的過失或疏忽所引起的其它任何原因；但是要求引用這條免責(zé)利益的人應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)舉證，證明有關(guān)的滅失或損壞既非由于承運(yùn)人的實(shí)際過失或私謀，亦非承運(yùn)人的代理人或雇傭人員的過失或疏忽所造成；3. The shipper shall not be responsible for loss or damage sustained by the carrier or the ship arising or resulting from any cause without the act, fault or neglect of the shipper, his agents or his servants. 、托運(yùn)人的代理人或其雇傭人員的行為、過失或疏忽所引起的使承運(yùn)人或船舶遭受的滅失或損壞，托運(yùn)人不負(fù)責(zé)任。4. Any deviation in saving or attempting to save life or property at sea or any reasonable deviation shall not be deemed to be an infringement or breach of this Convention or of the contract of carriage, and the carrier shall not be liable for any loss or damage resulting therefrom. ，或任何合理繞航，都不能作為破壞或違反本公約或運(yùn)輸合同的行為；承運(yùn)人對(duì)由此而引起的任何滅失或損害，都不負(fù)責(zé)。5. Neither the carrier nor the ship shall in any event be or bee liable for any loss or damage to or in connexion with goods in an amount exceeding 100 pounds sterling per package or unit, or the equivalent of that sum in other currency unless the nature and value of such goods have been declared by the shipper before shipment and inserted in the bill of lading. This declaration if embodied in the bill of lading shall be prima facie evidence, but shall not be binding or conclusive on the carrier. By agreement between the carrier, master or agent of the carrier and the shipper another maximum amount than that mentioned in this paragraph may be fixed, provided that such maximum shall not be less than the figure above named. Neither the carrier nor the ship shall be responsible in any event for loss or damage to, or in connexion with, goods if the nature or value thereof has been knowingly misstated by the shipper in the bill of lading. ，在任何情況下對(duì)貨物或與貨物有關(guān)的滅失或損害，每件或每計(jì)費(fèi)單位超過一百英鎊或與其等值的其他貨幣的部分，都不負(fù)責(zé)；但托運(yùn)人于裝貨前已就該項(xiàng)貨物的性質(zhì)和價(jià)值提出聲明，并已在提單中注明的，不在此限。 該項(xiàng)聲明如經(jīng)載入提單，即作為初步證據(jù)，但它對(duì)承運(yùn)人并不具有約束力或最終效力。 經(jīng)承運(yùn)人、船長或承運(yùn)人的代理人與托運(yùn)人雙方協(xié)議，可規(guī)定不同于本款規(guī)定的另一最高限額，但該最高限額不得低于上述數(shù)額。 如承運(yùn)人在提單中，故意謊報(bào)貨物性質(zhì)或價(jià)值，則在任何情況下，承運(yùn)人或是船舶，對(duì)貨物或與貨物有關(guān)的滅失或損害，都不負(fù)責(zé)。6. Goods of an inflammable, explosive or dangerous nature to the shipment whereof the carrier, master or agent of the carrier has not consented with knowledge of their nature and character, may at any time before discharge be landed at any place, or destroyed or rendered innocuous by the carrier without pensation and the shipper of such goods shall be liable for all damage and expenses directly or indirectly arising out of or resulting from such shipment. If any such goods shipped with such knowledge and consent shall bee a danger to the ship or cargo, they may in like manner be landed at any place, or destroyed or rendered innocuous by the carrier without liability on the part of the carrier except to general average, if any. 6．承運(yùn)人、船長或承運(yùn)人的代理人對(duì)于事先不知性質(zhì)而裝載的具有易燃、爆炸或危險(xiǎn)性的貨物，可在卸貨前的任何時(shí)候?qū)⑵湫对谌魏蔚攸c(diǎn)，或?qū)⑵滗N毀，或使之無害，而不予賠償；該項(xiàng)貨物的托運(yùn)人，應(yīng)對(duì)由于裝載該項(xiàng)貨物而直接或間接引起的一切損害或費(fèi)用負(fù)責(zé)。如果承運(yùn)人知道該項(xiàng)貨物的性質(zhì)，并已同意裝載，則在該項(xiàng)貨物對(duì)船舶或貨載發(fā)生危險(xiǎn)時(shí)，亦得同樣將該項(xiàng)貨物卸在任何地點(diǎn)，或?qū)⑵滗N毀，或使之無害，而不負(fù)賠償責(zé)任，但如發(fā)生共同海損不在此限。Article 5A carrier shall be at liberty to surrender in whole or in part all or any of his rights and immunities or to increase any of his responsibilities and obligations under this Convention, provided such surrender or increase shall be embodied in the bill of lading issued to the shipper. The provisions of this Convention shall not be applicable to charter parties, but if bills of lading are issued in the case of a ship under a charter party they shall ply with the terms of this Convention. Nothing in these rules shall be held to prevent the insertion in a bill of lading of any lawful provision regarding general average. 第五條 承運(yùn)人可以自由地全部或部分放棄本公約中所規(guī)定的他的權(quán)利和豁免，或增加他所應(yīng)承擔(dān)的任何一項(xiàng)責(zé)任和義務(wù)。但是這種放棄或增加，須在簽發(fā)給托運(yùn)人的提單上注明。本公約的規(guī)定，不適用于租船合同，但如果提單是