【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 詞。判斷是否是半系動詞主要是看其后面是否可以跟形容詞作表語，如果可以跟形容詞，一般都是半系動詞，比如seem，look，get，stay，remain等。 1. 副詞不能作表語，形容詞則可以。例：Cycling is beneficially to our health.（錯誤。beneficially是副詞，不能作表語。）Cycling is beneficial to our health.（正確。騎車對我們的健康有益。） 2. 系動詞一般不用被動。例：Most children are seemed to be better at remembering bad habits, instead of good ones.（錯誤。seem在此是半系動詞，不能用于被動語態(tài)。）Most children seem to be better at remembering bad habits, instead of good ones.（正確。大部分小孩看來都比較容易記得壞的習(xí)慣，而不是好習(xí)慣。）六、詞性理解錯誤a. 可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞 1. 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前一定要加限定詞；對不可數(shù)名詞則無此約束。例：Computer is a machine for collecting, processing and presenting information.（錯誤。puter是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，且在此處表示一類，故要加不定冠詞。）A puter is a machine for collecting, processing and presenting information.（正確。電腦是用來收集、處理和發(fā)布信息的機(jī)器。） 2. 有一些詞或者短語后面要加復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞（例如a few, few, a variety of, various, other, numerous, a number of, different, one of, many等）。例：Smoking cessation is one of the likely factor that contribute to the development of obesity.（錯誤。one of后面要加復(fù)數(shù)名詞。）Smoking cessation is one of the likely factors that contribute to the development of obesity.（正確。停止抽煙是可能導(dǎo)致肥胖癥的一個因素。）3. 有一些詞或者短語后面要加單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞（例如any other, another, each, neither, either）。例：Many teenagers begin smoking habits due to peer pressure but not for any other reasons.（錯誤。any other后不可以跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞。）Many teenagers begin smoking habits due to peer pressure but not for any other reason.（正確。很多十幾歲的年輕人出于同伴的壓力而開始抽煙，而不是因為其他原因。） 4. 有一些詞或者短語后面要加不可數(shù)名詞（例如a little, little, much等）。例：Little progresses have been made towards tackling poverty.（錯誤。little后不能加可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞。）Little progress has been made towards tackling poverty.（正確。在解決貧困問題上，目前的進(jìn)展甚微。）5. 當(dāng)主語被some/any, a proportion of, a majority of等修飾的時候，謂語的數(shù)要與主語的數(shù)保持一致。例：In most developed countries a high proportion of the population now enters higher education at some time in their lives.（錯誤。在這里population是“人們”的意思，為復(fù)數(shù)含義，故謂語動詞應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)。）In most developed countries a high proportion of the population now enter higher education at some time in their lives.（正確。在大部分的發(fā)達(dá)國家，現(xiàn)在很大比例的人都會在他們?nèi)松哪硞€階段開始接受高等教育。）b. 冠詞（冠詞分為不定冠詞a或者an，和定冠詞the） 1. 有一些形容詞前面常加定冠詞（比如only, very“恰好”，same等）。例：People with same experience should be paid same.（錯誤。same前要加the。）People with the same experience should be paid the same.（正確。經(jīng)驗相同的人工資應(yīng)該相同。） 2. 序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級前要加定冠詞。例1：Tourism has bee the top earner of foreign currency for many countries since late twentieth century.（錯誤。twentieth這個序數(shù)詞前要用the。）Tourism has bee the top earner of foreign currency for many countries since the late twentieth century.（正確。從20世紀(jì)后期開始，旅游業(yè)已經(jīng)成為很多國家賺取外匯的首要手段。）例2：The cigarette is most mon method of smoking tobacco.（錯誤。most mon為最高級，之前應(yīng)加the。）The cigarette is the most mon method of smoking tobacco.（正確。紙煙是吸食煙草的最普遍方式。）3. unique, university, union, European等詞的第一音節(jié)為輔音[ju:]，不定冠詞應(yīng)該用a；而hour和honour等單詞的第一個音節(jié)為元音，因此不定冠詞要用an。例：An university is an institution where students study for degrees.（錯誤。university前不能加an。）A university is an institution where students study for degrees.（正確。大學(xué)是學(xué)生通過學(xué)習(xí)獲得學(xué)位的地方。）c. 介詞1. 介詞后不能跟句子，注意其與連詞的區(qū)別。比較容易被誤用為連詞的介詞或者介詞短語有despite, in spite of, during, because of等。例：Many smokers are unwilling to cease smoking despite they have knowledge of ill health effects.（錯誤。despite是介詞，后不能直接跟句子。）Many smokers are unwilling to cease smoking despite their knowledge of ill health effects. （正確。很多抽煙者不愿意停止抽煙，盡管他們知道這有害健康。）2. to在句子中可能是介詞（需要加名詞或者具備名詞性質(zhì)的內(nèi)容），也可能是動詞不定式符號。要根據(jù)具體情況注意區(qū)分。譬如說，在contribute to, lead to, pay attention to, give rise to等詞組中，to都是介詞。例：Public disorder can lead to damage a country’s economy.（錯誤。to在這里作介詞，后面不能跟動詞。）Public disorder can lead to a country’s economic crisis.（正確。社會的無秩序狀態(tài)可能導(dǎo)致一個國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)災(zāi)難。） 3. 有一些詞既可以作介詞也可以作連詞（跟句子），比如for, since, after, before等。例：Traditional buildings are desired sometimes, for the simple reason is that they are of mercial and cultural values.（錯誤。for在這里是介詞，不是連詞，后面不能加句子。）Traditional buildings are desired sometimes, for the simple reason that they are of mercial and cultural values.（正確。傳統(tǒng)的建筑有時候是受人喜愛的，因為一個簡單的原因——它們有經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化價值。）4. 有些介詞的用法是固定的，對于這種情況，考生必須牢記。例：Most children do not feel it necessary to conform with rules.（錯誤。confirm一般和to連用。）Most children do not feel it necessary to conform to rules.（正確。大部分小孩不覺得有遵守規(guī)則的必要。）d. 動詞和非謂語動詞1. 不定式短語可以作后置定語修飾一個名詞或者代詞，常和這個名詞或者代詞在邏輯上形成動賓關(guān)系，此時如果不定式短語中的動詞是不及物動詞，需加上相應(yīng)的介詞。例：The rise of single parenthood is difficult for any society to deal.（錯誤。to deal修飾the rise of single parenthood，和后者形成動賓關(guān)系必須加介詞with。）The rise of single parenthood is difficult for any society to deal with.（正確。單身父母的增多對于任何社會來說都是難以解決的問題。）2. 有些動詞加不定式作賓語或賓語補(bǔ)足語，如want, expect, encourage, advise, persuade, cause, urge, force等。例：The aim of this campaign is to encourage young people be responsible for their driving.（錯誤。encourage sb. to do sth. 是固定搭配，原句缺不定式符號to。）The aim of this campaign is to encourage young people to be responsible for their driving.（正確。這個活動的目標(biāo)是鼓勵年輕人對他們的駕駛負(fù)責(zé)。）e. 代詞代詞的指代錯誤主格賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞Imemymineyouyouyouryourshehimhishissheherherhersitititsitsweusourourstheythemtheirtheirs例：Asking for advice from your family is better than overing a problem ourselves.（錯誤。前面是your family，后面是ourselves，不對應(yīng)。）Asking for advice from your family is better than overing a problem yourself.（正確。征求你家人的意見比你自己解決問題要好。）f. 分詞（分詞具有形容詞的性質(zhì)）1. 分詞有時候放在名詞后作定語，可以看作是定語從句的作用。2. 分詞?？梢苑旁诰涫谆蛘呔淠┏洚?dāng)狀語。這個時候，要注意分詞表示的必須是主語的一個動作或者狀態(tài)。例：The learning indust