【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 rk. By contrasting the freedom of ancient Greece and the present enslavement, the poe t appealed to people to struggle for liberty. ? Comments on Byron （ 1） Byron is the most excellent representative of English Romanticism. He was one of the most influential poets of his time. （ 2） He created the concept of the ―Byronic hero‖—a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin. （ 3） His poems are favorites of the British workers amp。 the laboring people of other countries. He opposed oppression amp。 slavery, amp。 had an ardent love for liberty. He praised the people‘s revolutionary struggles in his works. （ 4） He was the most renowned English language poet of his day. Percy Bysshe Shelley (17921827) Introduction ? Shelley is one of the leading Romantic poets, an intense and original lyrical poet in the English language. Shelley drew no essential distinction between poetry and politics, and his work reflected the radical ideas and revolutionary optimism of the era. ? Term – Ode It is a dignified and elaborately structured lyric poem of some length, praising and glorifying an individual, memorating an event, or describing nature intellectually rather than emotionally. Originally they were songs performed to the acpaniment of a music instrument. John Keats wrote great odes. His Ode on a Grecian Urn is a case in point. ? Term Terza Rima It is an Italian verse that consists of a series of threeline stanzas in which the middle line of each stanza rhymes with the first and third lines of the following stanza with the rhyming scheme aba, bcb, cdc, ded, etc.. It appeared first in Dante‘s The Divine Comedy. Besides, Shelley‘s Ode to the West Wind is a case in point. ? Major Works The Necessity of Atheism 《無神論的必要性》 Adonais 《阿多尼斯》 9 Queen Mab 1813《麥布女王》 The Revolt of Islam 1818《伊斯蘭的反叛》 Prometheus Unbound 1820《解放了的普羅米修斯》 A Defence of Poetry《詩辯》 ? Famous selected poems in our textbook: A Song: Men of England Ode to the West Wind Ozymandias To a Skylark The Cloud ? Analysis of Shelley’s works （ 1） A Song: Men of England is one of Shelley‘s greatest political lyrics. It is not only a war cry calling upon all working people to rise up against their political oppressors, but an address to them pointing out the intolerable injustice of economic exploitation. The poet warns the working people that if they should give up their struggle, they would be digging graves for themselves with their own hands. （ 2） Ode to the West Wind is one of the most popular and bestknown of Shelley39。s lyrics. Main Idea – Shelley eulogized the powerful west wind amp。 expressed his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality. ―West Wind‖— in the poem symbolizes both destroyer of the old and preserver of the new. It destroys leaves/things/thoughts/ideas that are dead。 it preserves new life or seeds that represent new life or new birth. Form—This ode consists of five stanzas, each a stanza formed of four units of terza rima (三行詩節(jié) ) pleted by a couplet. Famous lines—‖Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere。/ Destroyer and Preserver。 hear, O hear!‖ and ―I fall upon the thorns of life!‖ and ―If Winter es, can Spring be far behind?‖ （ 3） Prometheus Unbound is Shelley‘s greatest poetic drama. The drama celebrates man‘s victory over tyranny and oppression. （ 4） Queen Mab is a revolutionary poem condemning tyranny and exploitation and the unjust war waged by the rich to plunder wealth. John Keats (17951821) ? Romantic poets pared Wordsworth: beauty in simplicity 10 Coleridge: beauty in the extraordinary and supernatural Byron: beauty in power and satire Shelley: exquisite beauty Keats: sensuous beauty(給人以美的享受的 ). On John Keats‘ tomb are carved, according to his own request, the words: ―Here lies one whose name was writ in water.‖ (此地長眠者，聲名水上書 ) ? John Keats is one of the major English Romantists in the 19th century. He wrote best odes in English literature. He sought to express beauty in all of his poems. His leading principle is ―Beauty is truth, truth beauty‖. His poetry is distinguished by sensuousness and the perfection of the form. His ability to appeal to the senses through language is virtually unrivaled. ? Major Works Long Poems Short Poems ―Endymion‖《恩底彌甕》 ―Ode on a Grecian Urn‖《希臘古甕頌》 ―Isabella‖《伊薩貝拉》 ―Ode on Melancholy‖《憂郁頌》 ―The Eve of St. Agnes‖《圣愛格尼斯之夜》 ―Ode to Autumn‖《秋頌》 ―Lamia‖ 《萊米亞》 ―Ode to a Nightingale‖《夜鶯頌》 ―Hyperion‖ 《赫披里昂》 Son: On First Looking into Chapman‘s Homer ? Analysis of Keats’ works （ 1） Ode on an Grecian Urn shows the contrast between the permanence of art and the transience of human passion. Form—Each stanza is 10 lines long, metered in a relatively precise iambic pentameter, and divided into a two part rhyme scheme: the first 7 lines of each stanza follow an ABABCDE rhyme and the last 3 lines of which are variable. The famous line from this ode is ―Beauty is truth, truth beauty‖ and ―Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard/ Are sweeter‖. （ 2） On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer is a Petrarchan or Italian son with a rhyme scheme of abba abba cdc dcd. The octet (eight lines) describes Keats39。s reading experience before reading Chapman39。s translation and the sestet (six lines) contrasts his experience of reading it. （ 3） Ode to a Nightingale expresses the contrast between the happy world of natural loveliness and human world of agony. 11 Walter Scott (1771—1832) ? Walter Scott, a Scottish novelist and poet, is the father of the historical novel. His historical novel is his chief contribution to English literature. His historical novels concern the history of Scotland, English history and the history of European countries. His language is difficult with Scottish dialect. ? Major Works of Walter Scott Poems 1802, Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, 《蘇格蘭邊區(qū)歌謠集》 1805, The Lay of th