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cording media Before 1985: γFe2O3 medium, Ferrite ring head (~ 10Mbin2) 1980: 1st thin film read head, continuous magic thin film with high Hc, small α(25% CGR)。 1990: 1st MR read head, decreasing thickness and, in turn, the transition distance (80% CGR)。 1997: 1st GMR read head (100% CGR)。 2022: 1st AFM medium, increasing the effective volume. 2022: 1st TMR head for 80100 Gbit in2 perpendicular recording The develop of the magic recording Outline ? Recording Overview ? Longitudinal Recording ? Perpendicular Recording ? Heat Assisted Magic Recording ? Bit Patterned Media . Magic Recording (1) Traditional longitudinal recording is approaching to its limit (100 Gbit in2 is achieved ). (2) perpendicular recording offers about 610Gbit/in2 ,2022 (3) the next big challenge is 1 Tbit in2 for recording industry. The possible models : pattern media。 high Ku media (HAMR)。 STT (Spin torque transfer) – RAM. Areal Density Growth 0 . 11101001000100001000001989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022y e a rgigabit / in2Single particle superparamagic limit (estimated) Charap’s limit (broken) – Late 1990s – super paramagic limit demonstrated through modeling – Longitudinal recording reaching areal density limits – Longitudinal antiferromagic recording (AFC) – Perpendicular expected to extend to Tb/in2 – Additional innovations required at that point ? heatassisted recording (HAMR) ? bit patterned media (BPM) recording ? Areal Density CAGR 40% ? Transfer Rate CAGR 20% Perpendicular HAMR HAMR+BPM 00 . 0 50 . 10 . 1 50 . 2