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um obtained by this method with those measured using the enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) performed with the same leptin standards and serum samples. In contrast to conventional ELISA techniques, the proposed chip methodology exhibited the advantages of ultrasensitivity, a smaller sample volume and faster analysis time. 目前應(yīng)經(jīng)廣泛應(yīng)用的測(cè)定人類瘦蛋白的方法 the capillary electrophoresis( 毛細(xì)管電泳 ) immunofunctional assay(細(xì)胞免疫功能檢測(cè)) ELISA( 酶聯(lián)免疫吸附測(cè)定 ) radioimmunoassay ( 放射免疫檢定發(fā) ) Western blotting techniques ( 印跡 ) Although they are reliable,these methods are relatively expensive and are restricted to the determination of single target specificity. The leptin protein nanoarrays formed via atomic force microscopy (AFM)based dippen nanolithography(DPN)were detected using a total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) system at the singlemolecule level based on a singlemolecule sandwich fluorescence immunoassay. The direct deposition of the functional protein in the nanodomains demonstrated the viability of the nanoarray leptin protein chip Fig. 2. (A) Schematic diagram of the antibody–antigen reactions on the nanoarray protein chip based o