【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 分之三的水不見了序數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目順序的詞用序數(shù)詞 1序數(shù)詞1━19 除第一第二第三第五第八第九 第十二變化不規(guī)則外 其余均由在基數(shù)詞后加上 th 2十位整數(shù)的序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成方法是 是將十位整數(shù)基數(shù)詞的詞尾 y 變成 i 再加 eth 3幾十幾的序數(shù)詞只是把個(gè)位數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞 十位數(shù)不變 4第一百以上的多位序數(shù)詞 由基數(shù)詞的形式變結(jié)尾部分為序數(shù)詞形式來表示 　one hundred and twentyfirst one thousandthree hundred and twentieth 5序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式 有時(shí)序數(shù)詞可以用縮寫形式來表示主要縮寫形式有 firstlst second2nd third3rd fourth4th sixth6th twentieth20th twentythird23rd 其中l(wèi)st2nd3rd為特殊形式其它的都是阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字后加上th 6通常前面要加定冠詞 the但是如果序數(shù)詞前出現(xiàn)不定冠詞a或an時(shí)則表示再又　Weve tried it three times．Must we try it a fourth time 7基數(shù)詞也可以表示順序只需將基數(shù)詞放在它所修飾的名詞之后 名詞需大寫 即可不需要添加定冠詞the first lessonLesson One the fifth pagePage 5 the twentyfirst roomRoom 21 第動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞表示人或事物的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)根據(jù)其在句中的功能動(dòng)詞可分為四類分別是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞指某個(gè)具體的靜態(tài)如think love 等或動(dòng)態(tài)如run walk 等系動(dòng)詞常用的是be feel get look taste等助動(dòng)詞常用的是do does did等用來構(gòu)成否定句及疑問句情態(tài)動(dòng)詞常用的有can may must shall should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后一定要跟動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞的基本形式絕大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞都有五種基本形式動(dòng)詞原形一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在分詞過去式和過去分詞動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一共有16種以ask為例將其各種時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式列表如下 現(xiàn)在時(shí) 過去時(shí) 將來時(shí) 過去將來時(shí) 一般 ask asks asked shallwill ask shouldwould ask 進(jìn)行 amisare asking waswere asking shallwill be asking shouldwould be asking 完成 havehas asked had asked shallwill have asked shouldwould have asked 完成進(jìn)行 havehas been asking had been asking shallwill have been asking shouldwould have been asking A 第三人稱單數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞后要加s或es其變化規(guī)則與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的方法大體相同1 一般情況下只在動(dòng)詞后加s如workworks writewrites2 以os x sh ch結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后加es如guessguesses mixmixes washwashes watchwatches gogoesfinishfinishes catchcatches3 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞改y為i加es如studystudies注不規(guī)則變化的有havehasB 現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成 1 一般情況下在動(dòng)詞后加ing如studystudying workworking2 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞先去掉e再加ing如writewriting movemoving3 以一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音結(jié)尾的重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要雙寫末尾一個(gè)輔音字母再加ing如getgetting beginbeginning4 以ie結(jié)尾的名詞一般將ie改為y再加ing如lielying diedying tietyingC 過去式和過去分詞的構(gòu)成1 一般情況直接加ed如askasked workworked2 以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾只加d如loveloved dancedanced3 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾把y變?yōu)閕加ed如trytried studystudied4 以一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音結(jié)尾的重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞先雙寫末尾一個(gè)字母再加ed如stopstopped不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞 此類詞并無規(guī)則須熟記 小學(xué)階段要記住以下動(dòng)詞的原形和過去式sing – sang eat – ate see – saw have – had do – did go went take took buy bought get got read read fly flew amis was are were say said leave left swim swam tell told draw drew e came lose lost find found drink drank hurt hurt feel felt二動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 常用被動(dòng)語態(tài) 構(gòu)成 常用被動(dòng)語態(tài) 構(gòu)成 1 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) amisare asked 6 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) waswere being asked 2 一般過去時(shí) waswere asked 7 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) havehas been asked 3 一般將來時(shí) shallwill be asked 8 過去完成時(shí) had been asked 4 過去將來時(shí) shouldwould be asked 9 將來完成時(shí) willwould have been asked 5 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) amisare being asked 10 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的 canmustmay be asked 注意事項(xiàng) 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的否定式是在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)態(tài)不可漏掉其中介副詞固定結(jié)構(gòu)begoing to used to have to had better變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)態(tài)時(shí)只需將其后的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)態(tài) 如Trees should not be planted in summer The boy was made fun of by his classmatesNewspapers used to be sent here by the little girl 漢語有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語在英語中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示如It is believed that It is generally considered that It is said thatIt is well known that It must be pointed out that It is supposed thatIt is reported that It must be admitted that It is hoped that 下面主動(dòng)形式常表示被動(dòng)意義如The window wantsneedsrequires repairing The book is worth reading twiceThe door wont shut The play wont act The clothes washes well The book sells wellThe dish tastes delicious Water feels very cold 下面詞或短語沒有被動(dòng)態(tài)leave enter reach bee benefit cost equal contain last lack fit fail have appear happen occur belong to take place break out e about agree with keep up with consist of have on lose heart等等 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞I 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞基本用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 用法 否定式 疑問式與簡答 can 能力體力智力技能允許或許可口語中常用可能性表猜測(cè)用于否定句或疑問句中 can not cannot cant do CandoYescanNocant could couldnt do may 可以問句中表示請(qǐng)求可能或許表推測(cè)祝愿用于倒裝句中 may not do Maydo YesmayNomustntcant might might not do Mightdo YesmightNomight not must 必須應(yīng)該表主觀要求肯定想必肯定句中表推測(cè) must notmustnt do Mustdo YesmustNoneedntdont have to have to 只好不得不客觀的必須有時(shí)態(tài)人稱變化 dont have to do Dohave to doYesdo Nodont ought to 應(yīng)當(dāng)表示義務(wù)責(zé)任口語中多用should ought not tooughtnt to do Oughtto doYesought Nooughtnt shall 將要會(huì)用于一三人稱征求對(duì)方意見用于二三人稱表示許諾命令警告威脅等 shall notshant do ShalldoYesshall Noshant should 應(yīng)當(dāng)應(yīng)該表義務(wù)責(zé)任本該含有責(zé)備意味 should notshouldnt do Shoulddo will 意愿決心請(qǐng)求建議用在問句中would比較委婉 will notwont do WilldoYeswill Nowont would would notwouldnt do dare 敢常用于否定句和疑問句中 dare notdarent do DaredoYesdare Nodarent need 需要必須常用于否定句和疑問句中 need notneednt do NeeddoYesmust Noneednt used to 過去常?，F(xiàn)在已不再 used notusedntusent to dodidnt use to do Usedto doYesused Nouse d ntDiduse to doYesdid Nodidnt II 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must may might could can表示推測(cè)以must為例must do be 是推測(cè)現(xiàn)在存在的一般狀態(tài)進(jìn)行must be doing 推測(cè)可能正在進(jìn)行的事情must have done是推測(cè)可能已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的事情1 must肯定一定語氣強(qiáng)只用于肯定句中He must be a man from America He must be talking with his friend He must have already arrived there2 may和might也許后者語氣弱更沒有把握可用于肯定句和否定句He may not be at home They might have finished their task 3 can和could可能could表示可疑的可能性不及cant語氣強(qiáng)用于肯定否定疑問句中The weather in that city could be cold nowWe could have walked there it was so near推測(cè)某事本來可能發(fā)生但實(shí)際上沒有發(fā)生Can he be in the office now No he cant be there for I saw him in the library just now 語氣很強(qiáng)常用于疑問句和否定句中 III 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞注意點(diǎn)1 can和be able to 都可以表示能力但be able to可以表達(dá)某事終于成功而can無法表達(dá)此意Be able to有更多的時(shí)態(tài)另外兩者不能重疊使用2 used to和would used to表示過去常常做現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再有的習(xí)慣而would只表示過去的習(xí)慣或喜好不涉及現(xiàn)在3 need和dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別兩者作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)常用于否定句和疑問句其形式為needntdarent doNeeddaredo做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)可用于肯定句否定句和疑問句其形式為need needsneeded dare daresdared to do dont doesntdidnt needdare to do．非謂語動(dòng)詞I 非謂語動(dòng)詞的分類意義及構(gòu)成非謂語形式 構(gòu)成 特征和作用 時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) 否定式 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 不定式 to doto be doing to have done to be doneto have been done 在非謂語前加not for sb to do sth 具有名詞副詞和形容詞的作用在句中做主賓定表和狀語 分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞 doinghaving done being donehaving been done 具有副詞和形容詞的作用在句中做定表賓補(bǔ)和狀語 過去分詞 done 動(dòng)名詞 doinghaving done being donehaving been done sbs doing 具有名詞的作用在句中做主賓定和表語 II 做賓語的非謂語動(dòng)詞比較情況 常用動(dòng)詞 只接不定式做賓語的動(dòng)詞 hope want offer long fail expect wish ask decide pretend manage agree afford determine promise happen 只接動(dòng)名詞做賓語的動(dòng)詞或短語 mind miss enjoy imagine practise suggest finish escape excuse appreciate admit